Cited by 6,746Respiratory Support and MechanismsNeonatal Respiratory Health ResearchSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

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The American-European Consensus Conference On Ards. Definitions, Mechanisms, Relevant Outcomes, And Clinical Trial Coordination

Bernard, G R, Artigas, A, Brigham, K L, Carlet, J, Falke, K, Hudson, L, Lamy, M, Legall, J R, Morris, A, Spragg, R·1994·American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.7509706

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Abstract

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a process of nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema and hypoxemia associated with a variety of etiologies, carries a high morbidity, mortality (10 to 90%), and financial cost. The reported annual incidence in the United States is 150,000 cases, but this figure has been challenged, and it may be different in Europe. Part of the reason for these uncertainties are the heterogeneity of diseases underlying ARDS and the lack of uniform definitions for ARDS. Thus, those who wish to know the true incidence and outcome of this clinical syndrome are stymied. The American-European Consensus Committee on ARDS was formed to focus on these issues and on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the process. It was felt that international coordination between North America and Europe in clinical studies of ARDS was becoming increasingly important in order to address the recent plethora of potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.

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Estenssoro, E., Dubín, A., Laffaire, E., Canales, H. S., Sáenz, G., Moseinco, M. C., Pozo, M. O., Gómez, A., Baredes, N., Jannello, G., et al. (2002) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200211000-00008 · Cited by 309
ARDS after Pulmonary Contusion: Accurate Measurement of Contusion Volume Identifies High-Risk Patients
Miller, P. R., Croce, M. A., Bee, T. K., Qaisi, W. G., Smith, C. P., Collins, G. L., & Fabian, T. C. (2001) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-200108000-00003 · Cited by 314
The relationship between cognitive performance and employment and health status in long-term survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of an exploratory study
Rothenhäusler, H., Ehrentraut, S., Stoll, C., Schelling, G., & Kapfhammer, H. (2001) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(01)00123-2 · Cited by 310
Thrombocytopenia in adult patients with sepsis: incidence, risk factors, and its association with clinical outcome
Venkata, C. V., Kashyap, R., Farmer, J. C., & Afessa, B. (2013) · Journal of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/2052-0492-1-9 · Cited by 307
“ALI and ARDS were identified as per the American-European Consensus Conference definition [20].”
Method
New treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: Noninvasive pressure support ventilation delivered by helmet—A pilot controlled trial
Antonelli, M. M., Conti, G., Pelosi, P. P., Gregoretti, C., Pennisi, M. A., Costa, R., Severgnini, P., Chiaranda, M., & Proietti, R. (2002) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200203000-00019 · Cited by 305
Acute Lung Injury Review
Tsushima, K., King, L. S., Aggarwal, N. R., Gorordo, A. D. B., D’Alessio, F. R., & Kubo, K. (2009) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.48.1741 · Cited by 305
Impairment of Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Ranieri, V. M., Brienza, N., SANTOSTASI, S., Puntillo, F., Mascia, L., Vitale, N., Giuliani, R., Memeo, V., Bruno, F., Fiore, T., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.97-01052 · Cited by 303
Acute lung injury in pediatric intensive care in Australia and New Zealand–A prospective, multicenter, observational study*
Erickson, S. J., Schibler, A., Numa, A. H., Nuthall, G. A., Yung, M., Pascoe, E. M., & Wilkins, B. H. (2007) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.pcc.0000269408.64179.ff · Cited by 304
Incidence of mortality and morbidity related to postoperative lung injury in patients who have undergone abdominal or thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Neto, A. S., Hemmes, S. N. T., Barbas, C. S. V., Beiderlinden, M., Fernandez-Bustamante, A., Futier, E., Hollmann, M. W., Jaber, S., Kozian, A., Licker, M. J., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70228-0 · Cited by 314
Alveolar Fibrin Formation Caused by Enhanced Procoagulant and Depressed Fibrinolytic Capacities in Severe Pneumonia: Comparison with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Günther, A., MOSAVI, P., Heinemann, S., Ruppert, C., MUTH, H., Markart, P., Grimminger, F., WALMRATH, D., Temmesfeld‐Wollbrück, B., & Seeger, W. (2000) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9712038 · Cited by 301
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome are different
Pelosi, P. P., D'Onofrio, D., Chiumello, D., Severgnini, P., Chiara, G., Capelozzi, V. L., Barbas, C. S. V., Chiaranda, M., & Gattinoni, L. (2003) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00420803 · Cited by 301
Effect of prone positioning during mechanical ventilation on mortality among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sud, S., Friedrich, J. O., Adhikari, N. K. J., Taccone, P., Mancebo, J., Polli, F., Latini, R., Pesenti, A. M., Curley, M. A. Q., Fernández, R., et al. (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.140081 · Cited by 307
Identification and validation of distinct biological phenotypes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome by cluster analysis
Bos, L. D. J., Schouten, L. R. A., van Vught, L. A., Wiewel, M. A., Ong, D. S. Y., Cremer, O. L., Artigas, A., Martín‐Loeches, I., Hoogendijk, A. J., van der Poll, T., et al. (2017) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209719 · Cited by 305
Self-citation
Four-arm robotic lobectomy for the treatment of early-stage lung cancer
Veronesi, G., Galetta, D., Maisonneuve, P., Melfi, F. M. A., Schmid, R. A., Borri, A., Vannucci, F., & Spaggiari, L. (2009) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.10.025 · Cited by 299
Decrease in Paco2 with prone position is predictive of improved outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome*
Gattinoni, L., Vagginelli, F., Carlesso, E., Taccone, P., Conte, V., Chiumello, D., Valenza, F., Caironi, P., & Pesenti, A. M. (2003) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000098032.34052.f9 · Cited by 303
Fas/FasL-dependent Apoptosis of Alveolar Cells after Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Injury in Mice
KITAMURA, Y., Hashimoto, S., Mizuta, N., Kobayashi, A., Kooguchi, K., Fujiwara, I., & Nakajima, H. (2001) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2003065 · Cited by 294
Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults
Gebistorf, F., Karam, O., Wetterslev, J., & Afshari, A. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002787.pub3 · Cited by 307
Corticosteroids in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chaudhuri, D., Sasaki, K., Karkar, A., Sharif, S., Lewis, K., Mammen, M. J., Alexander, P. E., Ye, Z., Lozano, L. E. C., Munch, M. W., et al. (2021) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06394-2 · Cited by 306
“We included RCTs that compared corticosteroids to placebo or usual care in adult patients with ARDS (as defined by the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) criteria [12] or the Berlin criteria for ARDS [13]).”
MethodResultInfluential
Morbid Obesity in the Medical ICU
El-Solh, A., Sikka, P., Bozkanat, E., Jaafar, W., & Davies, J. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.120.6.1989 · Cited by 294
Beyond Mortality: Future Clinical Research in Acute Lung Injury
Spragg, R. G., Bernard, G. R., Checkley, W., Curtis, J. R., Gajic, O., Guyatt, G. H., Hall, J. B., Israel, E., Jain, M., Needham, D. M., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201001-0024ws · Cited by 299
Self-citation
Acute Lung Injury – From Pathophysiology to Treatment
Mokrá, D. (2021) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934602 · Cited by 303
Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Troncy, É., Collet, J., Shapiro, S., Guimond, J., Blair, L., Ducruet, T., Francœur, M., Charbonneau, M., & Blaise, G. A. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9707090 · Cited by 293
Eight-Year Trend of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Population-based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Li, G., Malinchoc, M., Cartin‐Ceba, R., Venkata, C. V., Kor, D. J., Peters, S. G., Hubmayr, R. D., & Gajic, O. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201003-0436oc · Cited by 293
Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: Effect of treatment with hydrocortisone on survival
Fernández, J., Escorsell, À., Zabalza, M., Felipe, V., Navasa, M., Mas, A., Lacy, A. M., Ginès, P., & Arroyo, V. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21352 · Cited by 292
Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: a prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies
Thille, A. W., Esteban, A., Fernández-Segoviano, P., Rodríguez, J., Aramburu, J., Vargas-Errázuriz, P., Martín-Pellicer, A., Lorente, J. A., & Frutos–Vivar, F. (2013) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70053-5 · Cited by 292
Likelihood of infection in patients with presumed sepsis at the time of intensive care unit admission: A cohort study.
Klein Klouwenberg, P. M. C., Cremer, O. L., van Vught, L. A., Ong, D. S. Y., Frencken, J. F., Schultz, M. J., Bonten, M. J., & van der Poll, T. (2015) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-015-1035-1 · Cited by 281
“ICU-related complications such as ICU-acquired infections, acute kidney injury, and adult respiratory distress syndrome that were present at or occurred during ICU admission were prospectively registered [10, 11].”
An Early PEEP/F i O2 Trial Identifies Different Degrees of Lung Injury in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Villar, J., Pérez‐Méndez, L., López, J., Belda, J., Blanco, J., Saralegui, I., Suárez-Sipmann, F., López, J., Lubillo, S., & Kacmarek, R. M. (2007) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200610-1534oc · Cited by 295
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury
Dushianthan, A., Grocott, M. P. W., Postle, A. D., & Cusack, R. (2011) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2011.118398 · Cited by 297
Dynamic versus static respiratory mechanics in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Stahl, C., Möller, K., Schumann, S., Kuhlen, R., Sydow, M., Putensen, C., & Guttmann, J. (2006) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000227220.67613.0d · Cited by 289
Open Lung Approach for the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial*
Kacmarek, R. M., Villar, J., Sulemanji, D., Montiel, R., Ferrando, C., Blanco, J., Koh, Y., Soler, J. A., Martínez, D., Hernández, M., et al. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001383 · Cited by 288
“All of the studies with a positive effect on outcome also established a V T and plateau and driving pressure difference between groups (3, 5, 9), applied PEEP based on the patient’s lung mechanics, and enrolled patients meeting the AECC criteria for ARDS (18).”
Method
Fas and Fas Ligand Are Up-Regulated in Pulmonary Edema Fluid and Lung Tissue of Patients with Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Albertine, K. H., Soulier, M. F., Wang, Z., Ishizaka, A., Hashimoto, S., Zimmerman, G. A., Matthay, M. A., & Ware, L. B. (2002) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64455-0 · Cited by 288
Transfusion‐related acute lung injury and pulmonary edema in critically ill patients: a retrospective study
Rana, R., Pérez, E. R. F., Khan, S., Rana, S., Winters, J. L., Lesnick, T. G., Moore, S. B., & Gajic, O. (2006) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00930.x · Cited by 288
High survival rate in 122 ARDS patients managed according to a clinical algorithm including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Lewandowski, K., Rossaint, R., Pappert, D., Gerlach, H., Slama, K.-J., Weidemann, H., Frey, D. J. M., Hoffmann, O., Keske, U., & Falke, K. J. (1997) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340050418 · Cited by 285
Self-citation
Nuclear factor-kappa B is activated in alveolar macrophages from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Schwartz, M. D., Moore, E. E., Moore, F. A., Shenkar, R., Moine, P., Haenel, J. B., & Abraham, E. H. (1996) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199608000-00004 · Cited by 282

Authors: Bernard, G. R., Artigas, A., Brigham, K. L., Carlet, J., Falke, K., Hudson, L., Lamy, M., Legall, J. R., Morris, A., & Spragg, R.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
ORCID: Bernard, G R
Artigas, A
Carlet, J
Lamy, M
Morris, A
Venue: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994-03-01
Volume: 149
Issue: 3
Pages: 818-824
ISSN: 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
1535-4970
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.7509706
OpenAlex: W2161328469
Cited by: 6,746
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 54 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 158 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 156 · 2017: 192 · 2016: 238 · 2015: 241 · 2014: 289 · 2013: 341 · 2012: 364
FWCI: 80.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hl043167-05, 5p50hl019153-22)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI HL19153, NHLBI HL43167)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS definition, ARDS pathophysiology, ARDS incidence, ARDS mortality, clinical trial coordination
MeSH terms: Americas, Clinical Protocols, Clinical Trials as Topic, Europe, Humans, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy, Prognosis, Radiography, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Risk Factors, Incidence, Prevalence

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The American-European Consensus Conference On Ards. Definitions, Mechanisms, Relevant Outcomes, And Clinical Trial Coordination

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