The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cytokines IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF- α Enhance In Vitro Growth of Bacteria
Abstract
We have previously reported that in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), nonsurvivors have persistent elevation in pulmonary and circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels over time and a high rate of nosocomial infections antemortem. In these patients, none of the proven or suspected nosocomial infections caused a transient or sustained increase in plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels above preinfection values. We hypothesized that cytokines secreted by the host during ARDS may favor the growth of bacteria. We conducted an in vitro study of the growth of three bacteria clinically relevant in nosocomial infections, evaluating their in vitro response to various concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6. We found that all three bacterial species showed concentration-dependent growth enhancement when incubated with one or more tested cytokines and that blockade by specific neutralizing cytokine MoAb significantly inhibited cytokine-induced growth. When compared with control, the 6-h growth response (cfu/ml) was maximal with IL-1beta at 1,000 pg for Staphylococcus aureus (36 +/- 16 versus 377 +/- 16; p = 0.0001) and Acinetobacter spp. (317 +/- 1,147 versus 1,124 +/- 147; p = 0.002) and with IL-6 at 1,000 pg for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (99 +/- 50 versus 509 +/- 50; p = 0.009). The effects of cytokines were seen only with fresh isolates and were lost with passage in vitro on bacteriologic medium without added cytokines. In this study we provide additional evidence for a newly described pathogenetic mechanism for bacterial proliferation in the presence of exaggerated and protracted inflammation.
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“Almost every common clinical intervention used in intensive care (eg, enteral feeding,43 proton-pump inhibitors,38,39 systemic catecholamines,22,23 and systemic antibiotics65,66) changes environmental growth conditions for intestinal bacteria”
From The microbiome and critical illness (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“The normally nutrient-poor environment of the alveolus is flooded with nutrient-rich oedema,55 pockets of oxygen and heterogeneous temperature gradients are established,48,49 and the signalling molecules of the host stress response selectively promote the growth of potential pathogens.”
From The microbiome and critical illness (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“as well as catecholamines, growth promotion is seen with TNFα, interleukins 1, 6, and 8, and glucocorticoids.”
From The microbiome and critical illness (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MEDURI, G. U., KANANGAT, S., STEFAN, J., TOLLEY, E., & SCHABERG, D.
- Affiliations
- Memphis VA Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- TOLLEY, ELIZABETH
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-09-01
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 961-967
- ISSN
- 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-4970
- OpenAlex
- W2064610856
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α, inflammatory cytokines, bacterial growth enhancement, nosocomial infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- MeSH terms
- Acinetobacter, Analysis of Variance, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Culture Media, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Interleukin-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, In Vitro Techniques
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