The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Induced Sputum Cell Counts in Healthy Adults
Abstract
Induced sputum cell counts provide a relatively noninvasive method to evaluate the presence, type, and degree of inflammation in the airways of the lungs. Their interpretation requires a knowledge of normal values from a healthy population. The objective was to examine the total and differential cell counts in induced sputum from a sample of healthy adults. A total of 118 healthy nonsmoking adults were studied. None had asthma or airflow obstruction (negative history, FEV(1) >/= 80% predicted, ratio of FEV(1) to vital capacity [FEV(1)/VC] >/= 80%, methacholine PC(20) >/= 16 mg/ml). Forty-six were atopic. Sputum induction produced an adequate sample in 96 subjects [53 males, mean age (range) 36 (18 to 60) yr]. The expectorate was processed within 2 h; sputum was selected, treated with dithiothreitol, filtered, and examined in a hemocytometer for total cell count and viability and on Wright-stained cytospins for a differential cell count. The mean, median (90th percentile) total cell count was 4.1, 2.4 (9.7) x 10(6) cells/g and cell viability was 69.6, 72.0 (89.7)%. The proportions of eosinophils were 0.4, 0.0 (1.1)%, neutrophils 37.5, 36.7 (64.0)%, macrophages 58.8, 60.8 (86.1)%, lymphocytes 1.0, 0.5 (2.6)%, metachromatic cells 0.0, 0.0 (0.04)%, and bronchial epithelial cells 1.6, 0.3 (4.4)%, respectively. Female gender and atopy were associated with a significant elevation of eosinophils; mean difference between male/female was 0.3% (p = 0.043) and between atopic/nonatopic 0.4% (p = 0.024). This study has identified reference values for total and differential cell counts in induced sputum of healthy adults.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Standards for the Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Celli, B. R., Snider, G. L., Heffner, J. E., Tiep, B. L., Ziment, I., Make, B. J., Braman, S. S., Olsen, G. N., & D, Y. Y. P. M. (1995) · Cited by 3,506
(1987) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/136.1.225 · Cited by 2,234
Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations.
Terrin, M. (1981) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1981.124.6.763c · Cited by 1,374
Keatings, V. M., Collins, P. D., Scott, D. M., & Barnes, P. J. (1996) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564092 · Cited by 1,362
Pizzichini, E., Pizzichini, M. M., Efthimiadis, A., Evans, S., Morris, M. M., Squillace, D., Gleich, G. J., Dolovich, J., & Hargreave, F. E. (1996) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.2.8756799 · Cited by 966
Self-citationUse of induced sputum cell counts to investigate airway inflammation in asthma.
Pin, I., Gibson, P. G., Kolendowicz, R., Girgis-Gabardo, A., Denburg, J. A., Hargreave, F. E., & Dolovich, J. (1992) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.47.1.25 · Cited by 913
Self-citationCellular and Biochemical Analysis of Induced Sputum from Asthmatic and from Healthy Subjects
Fahy, J. V., Liu, J., Wong, H., & Boushey, H. A. (1993) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/147.5.1126 · Cited by 422
Keatings, V. M., & Barnes, P. J. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032177 · Cited by 402
Pizzichini, E., Pizzichini, M., Efthimiadis, A., Hargreave, F., & Dolovich, J. (1996) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.96.09061174 · Cited by 298
Self-citationFahy, J. V., Wong, H., Liu, J., & Boushey, H. A. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599862 · Cited by 247
Cited by
Reddel, H. K., Taylor, D. R., Bateman, E. D., Boulet, L.-P., Boushey, H. A., Busse, W. W., Casale, T. B., Chanez, P., Enright, P. L., Gibson, P. G., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200801-060st · Cited by 1,918
Self-citationAsthma, Airway Inflammation and Epithelial Damage in Swimmers and Cold-Air Athletes
Bougault, V., Turmel, J., St-Laurent, J., Bertrand, M., & Boulet, L.-P. (2009) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00117708 · Cited by 170
Helenius, I., Rytil[auml ], P., Sarna, S., Lumme, A., Helenius, M., Remes, V., & Haahtela, T. (2002) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2002.124769a · Cited by 217
Airway inflammation in the elite athlete and type of sport
Belda, J., Ricart, S., Casan, P., Giner, J., Bellido-Casado, J., Torrejon, M., Margarit, G., & Drobnic, F. (2008) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.036335 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- BELDA, J., LEIGH, R., PARAMESWARAN, K., O'BYRNE, P. M., SEARS, M. R., & HARGREAVE, F. E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-02-01
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 475-478
- ISSN
- 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-4970
- OpenAlex
- W2162645440
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Induced Sputum Cell Counts in Healthy Adults. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9903097
- The paper
- BELDA, J., LEIGH, R., PARAMESWARAN, K., O'BYRNE, P. M., SEARS, M. R., & HARGREAVE, F. E. (2000). Induced Sputum Cell Counts in Healthy Adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9903097
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
