The gut microbiome and ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Abstract
In recent years, several new asthma therapeutics have been developed. Although many of these agents show promise in treating allergic asthma, they are less effective against nonallergic forms of asthma. The gut microbiome has important roles in human health and disease, and a growing body of evidence indicates a link between the gut microbiome and asthma. Here, we review those data focusing on the role of the microbiome in mouse models of nonallergic asthma including obese asthma and asthma triggered by exposure to air pollutants. We describe the impact of antibiotics, diet, and early life events on airway responses to the air pollutant ozone, including in the setting of obesity. We also review potential mechanisms responsible for gut-lung interactions focusing on bacterial-derived metabolites, the immune system, and hormones. Finally, we discuss future prospects for gut microbiome-targeted therapies such as fecal microbiome transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and prudent use of antibiotics. Better understanding of the role of the microbiome in airway responses may lead to exploration of new microbiome-targeted therapies to control asthma, especially nonallergic forms of asthma.
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Plasma TMAO levels correlate with oxygenation index and 28-day mortality in septic ARDS patients.
“Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels correlate with oxygenation index and 28-day mortality in septic ARDS patients”
From Progress on the correlation between sepsis and gut microbiota: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as Tashiro and Shore, 2021
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Progress on the correlation between sepsis and gut microbiota: a narrative review
Yuan, Y., Li, J., & Yang, C. (2026) · Frontiers in microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1862891 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels correlate with oxygenation index and 28-day mortality in septic ARDS patients, potentially through TMAO-induced alveolar epithelial apoptosis and cytokine release (Ren et al., 2024; Tashiro and Shore, 2021).”
- Authors
- Tashiro, H., & Shore, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tashiro, Hiroki
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-03-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 283-291
- ISSN
- 1044-1549 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-4989
- OpenAlex
- W3094524523
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, ozone, airway hyperresponsiveness, non-allergic asthma, obesity, air pollution, gut-lung axis, bacterial metabolites, immune system, hormones, antibiotics, diet, early life events, fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, asthma treatment
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Diet, Humans, Lung, Ozone, Respiratory Hypersensitivity
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