Gut Microbiome Modulation Via Fecal Microbiota Transplant to Augment Immunotherapy in Patients with Melanoma or Other Cancers
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Purpose of review We review emerging evidence regarding the impact of gut microbes on antitumor immunity, and ongoing efforts to translate this in clinical trials.Recent findings Pre-clinical models and human cohort studies support a role for gut microbes in modulating overall immunity and immunotherapy response, and numerous trials are now underway exploring strategies to modulate gut microbes to enhance responses to cancer therapy. This includes the use of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), which is being used to treat patients with Clostridium difficile infection among other non-cancer indications. The use of FMT is now being extended to modulate gut microbes in patients being treated with cancer immunotherapy, with the goal of enhancing responses and/or to ameliorate toxicity. However, significant complexities exist with such an approach and will be discussed herein. Data from ongoing studies of FMT in cancer will provide critical insights for optimization of this approach.
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The microbiome holds the potential to support the clinical practice for the treatment of patients with melanoma.
“Although we confirmed that the microbiome holds the potential to support the clinical practice for the treatment of patients with melanoma, as shown via fecal microbiota transplantation pilots7,8”
From Cross-cohort gut microbiome associations with immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced melanoma (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
The gut microbiome has an important role in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response in patients with advanced melanoma, as confirmed in this study.
“The gut microbiome has an important role to play in ICI response7,8, as we also confirmed here”
From Cross-cohort gut microbiome associations with immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced melanoma (2022) · cites this paper as [8]
A high-fiber diet and exercise are associated with greater gut microbiota diversity and short-chain fatty acid enrichment, both linked to improved survival after immune checkpoint blockade.
“A high-fiber diet and exercise are associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota and enrichment of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), both of which have been implicated in improved survival following treatment with ICB”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as McQuade et al., 2020
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- Authors
- McQuade, J. L., Ologun, G. O., Arora, R., & Wargo, J. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- McQuade, Jennifer L.
- Venue
- Current Oncology Reports
- Published
- 2020-06-24
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 74-74
- ISSN
- 1523-3790 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-6269
- PMC
- PMC7685568
- OpenAlex
- W3037983668
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Oncology Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009599, P30CA016672)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Cancer Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, cancer immunotherapy, melanoma, antitumor immunity, immunotherapy response, immunotherapy toxicity, microbiota modulation, clinical trials
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Humans, Melanoma, Neoplasms
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