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Mycelium Composites: A Review of Engineering Characteristics and Growth Kinetics
Open accessAbstract
Mycelium composites comprise of networks of filamentous hyphae, utilising biological growth rather than expensive energy intensive manufacturing processes to convert low-cost organic wastes into economically viable and environmentally friendly materials. Although generally characterised as polymer grade foams and used primarily for limited packaging and construction applications, the mechanical performance of these materials varies significantly and is governed by hyphal architecture, cell wall composition, composite constituents and growth kinetics which are in turn influenced by inherent and exogenous factors. A range of potential applications have been proposed including acoustic dampers, super absorbents, paper, textiles, structural and electronic parts. Limited research, inconclusive data and the proposed applications and feasibility suggest that further investigation is warranted.
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Mycelium-based materials are made by natural growth of living mycelium-forming fungal micro-organisms on natural fibres rich in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
“They are made by natural growth of living myceliumforming fungal micro-organisms on natural fibres rich in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose (Abdul Khalil et al., 2016;Jones et al., 2017).”
From Packaging design for the circular economy: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as Jones et al., 2017
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“The vegetative growth of filamentous fungi (mycelia) has garnered interest from academic and commercial circles over the last decade as a new form of material for low-energy bio-fabrication and waste recycling (Jones et al .”
BackgroundInfluentialPackaging Applications of Fungal Mycelium-Based Biodegradable Composites
Rajendran, R. C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1000-5_11 · Cited by 24
Development and testing of mycelium-based composite materials for shoe sole applications
Silverman, J. (2025) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/p6q3-s806 · Cited by 21
Low-density, water-repellent, and thermally insulating cellulose-mycelium foams
Amstislavski, P., Pöhler, T., Valtonen, A., et al. (2024) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-024-06067-5 · Cited by 20
“This growth process can be used to assemble fibrous networks needed in composites and non-woven materials for a range of applications (Jones et al. 2017, 2018, 2021).”
A Review of Mycelium Bio-Composites as Energy-Efficient Sustainable Building Materials
Motamedi, S., Rousse, D. R., & Promis, G. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18164225 · Cited by 20
Desenvolvimento de biocompósitos fúngicos utilizando resíduos industriais
Rocha, M. I., Benkendorf, S., Gern, R. M. M., et al. (2020) · Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) · doi:10.1590/s1517-707620200004.1140 · Cited by 20
Fabrication of Living Entangled Network Composites Enabled by Mycelium
Wang, H., Tao, J., Wu, Z.-Y., Weiland, K., Wang, Z.-K., Masania, K., & Wang, B. (2024) · Advancement of science · doi:10.1002/advs.202309370 · Cited by 20
Functionality of production processes in mycelium-based composites
Gaff, M., Hosseini, S. B., Paulasová, D., et al. (2024) · Composite Structures · doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118309 · Cited by 19
Biopolymers and biocomposites: Nature’s tools for wound healing and tissue engineering
Osmani, R. A. M., Singh, E., Jadhav, K. V., Jadhav, S., & Banerjee, R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820484-9.00023-4 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, M., Huynh, T., Dekiwadia, C., Daver, F., & John, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Bionanoscience
- Publisher
- American Scientific Publishers
- Published
- 2017-08-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 241-257
- ISSN
- 1557-7910 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2745793211
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Bionanoscience (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Foaming and Composites
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Fungal Biology and Applications
- Keywords
- mycelium-based composites, fungal biomass, mechanical properties, organic waste valorization, polymer foams, acoustic dampers, superabsorbent, biocomposites, cell wall composition
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