The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Light-Induced Decomposition of Indocyanine Green
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the light-induced decomposition of indocyanine green (ICG) and to test the cytotoxicity of light-induced ICG decomposition products. METHODS: ICG in solution was irradiated with laser light, solar light, or surgical endolight. The light-induced decomposition of ICG was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Porcine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were incubated with the light-induced decomposition products of ICG, and cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion assay. RESULTS: Independent of the light source used, singlet oxygen (photodynamic type 2 reaction) is generated by ICG leading to dioxetanes by [2+2]-cycloaddition of singlet oxygen. These dioxetanes thermally decompose into several carbonyl compounds. The decomposition products were identified by mass spectrometry. The decomposition of ICG was inhibited by adding sodium azide, a quencher of singlet oxygen. Incubation with ICG decomposition products significantly reduced the viability of RPE cells in contrast to control cells. CONCLUSIONS: ICG is decomposed by light within a self-sensitized photo oxidation. The decomposition products reduce the viability of RPE cells in vitro. The toxic effects of decomposed ICG should be further investigated under in vivo conditions.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Engel, E., Schraml, R., Maisch, T., Kobuch, K., Ko¨nig, B., Szeimies, R.-M., Hillenkamp, J., Ba¨umler, W., & Vasold, R.
- Venue
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Published
- 2008-05-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1777
- ISSN
- 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5783
- OpenAlex
- W2060916907
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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