Drug and Gene Delivery to the Back of the Eye: From Bench to Bedside
Open accessAbstract
the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado.The SERC provided a diverse group of approximately 150 scientists and physicians representing industry and academia from 14 countries with a unique opportunity to explore the latest approaches to drug and gene delivery to the posterior segment of the eye.Unlike the 2009 SERC meeting, which focused on novel drug delivery platforms while elucidating the anatomic barriers to reach the posterior segment, 1 the most recent meeting explored strategies for bypassing ocular barriers using novel materials, nanoparticulate delivery systems, and gene therapy.It brought together experts in both ophthalmology and tangentially related areas to discuss the application and inherent technical challenges for translating experimental results from the laboratory bench to dependable medical therapies at the bedside and, where possible, it exemplified findings in ocular models with methods and results gleaned from disciplines outside of ophthalmology.The present review of the SERC provides investigators with tools to navigate these nascent approaches by exploring strategies from key laboratory investigations, drug development specialists, and clinical trials.The 2-day conference comprised the following six sessions: (1) barriers to drug delivery and transporter-guided drug design; (2) drug/gene delivery systems and cell therapies for the eye; (3) pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and alternative routes of drug delivery; (4) nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of posterior eye disease; (5) translation of gene delivery for posterior eye disease; and (6) clinical trials.Rather than being a deliberate summary of each presentation, this review describes the common themes expressed during the six sessions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The anionic and composite properties of vitreal proteoglycans can hinder the effectiveness of non-viral vectors.
“the anionic and composite properties of vitreal proteoglycans can also hinder the effectiveness of these agents [270].”
From Bruch’s Membrane: A Key Consideration with Complement-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [270]
Cites
1 retracted
Sclera-Choroid-RPE Transport of Eight β-Blockers in Human, Bovine, Porcine, Rabbit, and Rat Models
Kadam, R. S., Cheruvu, N. P. S., Edelhauser, H. F., & Kompella, U. B. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6233 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedMillisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity
Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E., Nagel, G., & Deisseroth, K. A. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1525 · Cited by 4,831 · see citing works
Safety and Efficacy of Gene Transfer for Leber's Congenital Amaurosis
Maguire, A. M., Simonelli, F., Pierce, E. A., Pugh, E. N., Mingozzi, F., Bennicelli, J., Banfi, S., Marshall, K. A., Testa, F., Surace, E. M., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802315 · Cited by 2,145 · see citing works
Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber’s congenital amaurosis
Bainbridge, J. W. B., Smith, A. J., Barker, S. S., Robbie, S., Henderson, R., Balaggan, K., Viswanathan, A., Holder, G. E., Stockman, A., Tyler, N., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802268 · Cited by 1,924 · see citing works
Identification of a Gene That Causes Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Stone, E. M., Fingert, J. H., Alward, W. L. M., Nguyen, T. D., Polansky, J. R., Sunden, S. L. F., Nishimura, D. Y., Clark, A. F., Nystuen, A., Nichols, B. E., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5300.668 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
Hauswirth, W. W., Aleman, T. S., Kaushal, S., Cideciyan, A. V., Schwartz, S. B., Wang, L., Conlon, T. J., Boye, S. L., Flotte, T. R., Byrne, B. J., et al. (2008) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2008.107 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Bi, A., Cui, J., Ma, Y.-P., Olshevskaya, E. V., Pu, M., Dizhoor, A. M., & Pan, Z. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.02.026 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Rational Design of Stable Lyophilized Protein Formulations: Some Practical Advice
Carpenter, J. F., Pikal, M. J., Chang, B. S., & Randolph, T. W. (1997) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1012180707283 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Cideciyan, A. V., Alemán, T. S., Boye, S. L., Schwartz, S., Kaushal, S., Román, A. J., Pang, J., Sumaroka, A., Windsor, E. A. M., Wilson, J. M., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807027105 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Jacobson, S. G. (2012) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.298 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Lagali, P. S., Bálya, D., Awatramani, G. B., Münch, T. A., Kim, D. S., Busskamp, V., Cepko, C. L., & Roska, B. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2117 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
RISKS OF INTRAVITREOUS INJECTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Jager, R. D., Aiello, L. P., Patel, S. C., & Cunningham, E. T. (2004) · Retina · doi:10.1097/00006982-200410000-00002 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Cunha-Vaz, J., Bernardes, R., & Lobo, C. (2011) · European Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.5301/ejo.2010.6049 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Vertical interactions across ten parallel, stacked representations in the mammalian retina
Roska, B., & Werblin, F. S. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35069068 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Perspective on Genes and Mutations Causing Retinitis Pigmentosa
Daiger, S. P. (2007) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.125.2.151 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Topical and systemic drug delivery to the posterior segments
HUGHES, P., OLEJNIK, O., Chang-Lin, J.-E., & WILSON, C. (2005) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.004 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
High-efficiency transduction of the mouse retina by tyrosine-mutant AAV serotype vectors
Petrs-Silva, H., Dinculescu, A., Li, Q., Min, S.-H., Chiodo, V., Pang, J.-J., Zhong, L., Zolotukhin, S., Srivastava, A., Lewin, A. S., et al. (2009) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.269 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citationAdult vitreous structure and postnatal changes
Goff, M., & Bishop, P. N. (2008) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2008.21 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Intraocular Pharmacokinetics of Bevacizumab After a Single Intravitreal Injection in Humans
Krohne, T. U., Eter, N., Holz, F. G., & Meyer, C. H. (2008) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.036 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Ghate, D. A., & Edelhauser, H. F. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.3.2.275 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationTesta, F., Maguire, A. M., Rossi, S., Pierce, E. A., Melillo, P., Marshall, K. A., Banfi, S., Surace, E. M., Sun, J., Acerra, C., et al. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.048 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Age-related changes in human vitreous structure
Sebag, J. (1987) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/bf02160337 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Konstan, M. W., Davis, P. B., Wagener, J. S., Hilliard, K. A., Stern, R. C., Milgram, L. J. H., Kowalczyk, T. H., Hyatt, S. L., Fink, T. L., Gedeon, C. R., et al. (2004) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2004.15.1255 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Doroudchi, M. M., Greenberg, K. P., Liu, J., Silka, K. A., Boyden, E. S., Lockridge, J. A., Arman, A. C., Ramesh, J., Boye, S. L., Boye, S. L., et al. (2011) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2011.69 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationNomoto, H., Shiraga, F., Kuno, N., Kimura, E., Fujii, S., Shinomiya, K., Nugent, A. K., Hirooka, K., & Baba, T. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3148 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Edelhauser, H. F., Rowe-Rendleman, C. L., Robinson, M. R., Dawson, D. G., Chader, G. J., Grossniklaus, H. E., Rittenhouse, K. D., WILSON, C. G., Weber, D. A., Kuppermann, B. D., et al. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5392 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationRetinal Remodeling in Inherited Photoreceptor Degenerations
Marc, R. E., & Jones, B. W. (2003) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1385/mn:28:2:139 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Safety evaluation of ocular drug delivery formulations: Techniques and practical considerations
Short, B. G. (2008) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1177/0192623307310955 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Patel, S. R., Berezovsky, D. E., McCarey, B. E., Zarnitsyn, V. G., Edelhauser, H. F., & Prausnitz, M. R. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-9872 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual Performance Using a Retinal Prosthesis in Three Subjects With Retinitis Pigmentosa
Yanai, D., Weiland, J. D., Mahadevappa, M., Greenberg, R. J., Fine, I., & Humayun, M. S. (2007) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2007.01.027 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Olsen, T. W., Edelhauser, H. F., Lim, J. I., & Geroski, D. H. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationKoo, H., Moon, H., Han, H., Na, J. H., Huh, M. S., Park, J. H., Woo, S. J., Park, K. H., Kwon, I. C., Kim, K., et al. (2012) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.030 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Yang, H., Tyagi, P., Kadam, R. S., Holden, C. A., & Kompella, U. B. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn301873v · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient Non-Viral Ocular Gene Transfer with Compacted DNA Nanoparticles
Farjo, R., Skaggs, J., Quiambao, A. B., Cooper, M. J., & Naash, M. I. (2006) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000038 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationSingh, S. R., GROSSNIKLAUS, H. E., Kang, S. J., Edelhauser, H. F., Ambati, B. K., & Kompella, U. B. (2009) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2008.185 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors affecting perceptual thresholds in epiretinal prostheses
de Balthasar, C., Patel, S., Roy, A., Freda, R., Greenwald, S., Horsager, A., Mahadevappa, M., Yanai, D., McMahon, M. J., Humayun, M. S., et al. (2008) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0696 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationFarrar, G. J., Kenna, P. F., & Humphries, P. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/21.5.857 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Kim, H., Robinson, S. B., & Csaky, K. G. (2009) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9745-6 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Targeting photoreceptors via intravitreal delivery using novel, capsid-mutated AAV vectors
Kay, C. N., Ryals, R. C., Aslanidi, G. V., Min, S. H., Ruan, Q., Sun, J., Dyka, F. M., Kasuga, D., Ayala, A. E., Van Vliet, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062097 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Roska, B., Molnar, A. C., & Werblin, F. S. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00113.2006 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Robinson, M. R., Lee, S. S., Kim, H., Kim, S., Lutz, R. J., Galbán, C. J., Bungay, P. M., Yuan, P., Wang, N. S., Kim, J., et al. (2005) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.08.007 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Polyamidoamine dendrimer hydrogel for enhanced delivery of antiglaucoma drugs
Holden, C. A., Tyagi, P., Thakur, A., et al. (2011) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.018 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cai, X., Conley, S. M., Nash, Z. A., Fliesler, S. J., Cooper, M. J., & Naash, M. I. (2009) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-139147 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationBinley, K., Widdowson, P., Loader, J., Kelleher, M., Iqball, S., Ferrige, G., de Belin, J., Carlucci, M., Angell-Manning, D., Hurst, F., et al. (2013) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11871 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Retinal prostheses: current challenges and future outlook
Winter, J. O., Cogan, S. F., & Rizzo, J. F. (2007) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1163/156856207781494403 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Surface Engineering of Quantum Dots for In Vivo Vascular Imaging
Jayagopal, A., Russ, P. K., & Haselton, F. R. (2007) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/bc070020r · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Checa-Casalengua, P., Jiang, C., Bravo‐Osuna, I., Tucker, B. A., Molina-Martínez, I. T., Young, M. J., & Herrero‐Vanrell, R. (2011) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.06.023 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Topical Dexamethasone-Cyclodextrin Microparticle Eye Drops for Diabetic Macular Edema
Tanito, M., Hara, K., Takai, Y., et al. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8178 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yandrapu, S. K., Upadhyay, A. K., Petrash, J. M., & Kompella, U. B. (2013) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp400487f · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationMisra, G. P., Singh, R. S., Alemán, T. S., Jacobson, S. G., Gardner, T. W., & Lowe, T. L. (2009) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.025 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Durairaj, C., Kadam, R. S., Chandler, J., Hutcherson, S. L., & Kompella, U. B. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5388 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMovement of Albumin and Dextran Through the Sclera
Bill, A. (1965) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1965.00970040250024 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Comparative Analysis of DNA Nanoparticles and AAVs for Ocular Gene Delivery
Han, Z., Conley, S. M., Makkia, R. S., Guo, J., Cooper, M. J., & Naash, M. I. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052189 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationTiming and Computation in Inner Retinal Circuitry
Baccus, S. A. (2006) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.120205.124451 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ocular Delivery of Compacted DNA-Nanoparticles Does Not Elicit Toxicity in the Mouse Retina
Ding, X., Quiambao, A. B., Fitzgerald, J. B., Cooper, M. J., Conley, S. M., & Naash, M. I. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007410 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationBest practices for treatment of retinal vein occlusion
Hahn, P., & Fekrat, S. (2012) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e3283524148 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Anand, B. S., Nashed, Y. E., & Mitra, A. K. (2003) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.1076/ceyr.26.3.151.14893 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Talluri, R. S., Samanta, S., Gaudana, R., & Mitra, A. K. (2008) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.024 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer specific to retinal pigment epithelial cells
Koirala, A., Makkia, R. S., Cooper, M. J., & Naash, M. I. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.062 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrodialysis Evaluation of the Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol in the Conscious Rabbit
Rittenhouse, K. D., Peiffer, R. L., & Pollack, G. M. (1999) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018884826943 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationVitamin A palmitate and aciclovir biodegradable microspheres for intraocular sustained release
Martínez-Sancho, C., Herrero‐Vanrell, R., & Negro, S. (2006) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hypoxia-regulated retinal glial cell-specific promoter for potential gene therapy in disease
Prentice, H. M., Biswal, M. R., Dorey, C. K., & Blanks, J. C. (2011) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6835 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Retinal Degeneration Progression Changes Lentiviral Vector Cell Targeting in the Retina
Calame, M., Cachafeiro, M. C. B., Philippe, S., Schouwey, K., Tekaya, M., Wanner, D., Sarkis, C., Kostic, C., & Arsenijévic, Y. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023782 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Chothe, P. P., Singh, N. K., & Ganapathy, V. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00299.2010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Commentary: An Aye for Eye Gene Therapy
Bennett, J. (2006) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2006.17.177 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Edelhauser, H. F., Boatright, J. H., & Nickerson, J. M. (2008) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1904 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationChothe, P. P., Thakkar, S. V., Gnana‐Prakasam, J. P., et al. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4048 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Konstan, M. W., Davis, P. B., Wagener, J. S., Hilliard, K. A., Stern, R. C., Milgram, L. J. H., Kowalczyk, T. H., Hyatt, S. L., Fink, T. L., Gedeon, C. R., et al. (2004) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2004.15.ft-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chothe, P. P., Gnana‐Prakasam, J. P., Ananth, S., Martin, P. M., Kannan, R., Hinton, D. R., Smith, S. B., & Ganapathy, V. (2011) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Visual Performance Using a Retinal Prosthesis in Three Subjects With Retinitis Pigmentosa
VANDER, J. F. (2008) · Yearbook of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0084-392x(08)79109-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Two Teams Report Progress in Reversing Loss of Sight
Kaiser, J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.320.5876.606 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pharmacokinetic aspects of retinal drug delivery
del Amo, E. M., Rimpelä, A.-K., Heikkinen, E., Kari, O. K., Ramsay, E., Lajunen, T., Schmitt, M., Pelkonen, L., Bhattacharya, M., Richardson, D., et al. (2017) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.12.001 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Gene Therapy in Retinal Dystrophies
Ziccardi, L., Cordeddu, V., Gaddini, L., Matteucci, A., Parravano, M., Malchiodi-Albedi, F., & Varano, M. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20225722 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Lipid Nanoparticles for Ocular Gene Delivery
Wang, Y., Rajala, A., & Rajala, R. (2015) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb6020379 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Lin, S., Ge, C., Wang, D., Xie, Q., Wu, B., Wang, J., Nan, K., Zheng, Q., & Chen, W. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b13851 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Molecular Therapies for Inherited Retinal Diseases—Current Standing, Opportunities and Challenges
Vázquez-Domínguez, I., Garanto, A., & Collin, R. W. J. (2019) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes10090654 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Non-viral strategies for ocular gene delivery
Oliveira, A. V., Rosa da Costa, A. M., & Silva, G. A. (2017) · Materials Science and Engineering: C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.068 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Topical formulation of self-assembled antiviral prodrug nanomicelles for targeted retinal delivery
Mandal, A., Cholkar, K., Khurana, V., Shah, A., Agrahari, V., Bisht, R., Pal, D., & Mitra, A. K. (2017) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00128 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hammadi, S., Tzoumas, N., Ferrara, M., Meschede, I. P., Lo, K., Harris, C., Lako, M., & Steel, D. H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12082870 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fan, X., Jiang, K., Geng, F., Lu, W., & Wei, G. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.114864 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Koponen, S., Kokki, E., Tamminen, T., & Ylä-Herttuala, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Drug Delivery · doi:10.3389/fddev.2023.1148795 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rowe-Rendleman, C. L., Durazo, S. A., Kompella, U. B., Rittenhouse, K. D., Di Polo, A., Weiner, A. L., Grossniklaus, H. E., Naash, M. I., Lewin, A. S., Horsager, A., & Edelhauser, H. F.
- Affiliations
- Omar Consulting Group, LLC, Princeton Junction, New Jersey, United States
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- DrugDel Consulting, LLC, Arlington, Texas, United States
- Emory University (US)
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kompella, Uday B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Published
- 2014-04-28
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2714
- ISSN
- 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5783
- PMC
- PMC4004426
- OpenAlex
- W2027841369
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r13ey021956-01)
- National Eye Institute (R13 EY021956, R01EY018656, 1R13EY021956-01, R01EY022778, P30EY006360)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Infections and Treatments
- Keywords
- posterior segment drug delivery, gene therapy delivery, nanoparticle drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical trials, translational research
- MeSH terms
- Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Retinal Diseases, Genetic Therapy, Drug Delivery Systems, Gene Transfer Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review