Secretion of unconjugated androgens and estrogens by the normal and abnormal human testis before and after human chorionic gonadotropin
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The secretion of androgens and estrogens by normal and abnormal testes was compared by determining the concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (Delta(4)A), testosterone (T), estrone (E(1)), and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) in peripheral and spermatic venous plasma samples from 14 normal men and 5 men with unilateral testicular atrophy. Four normal men and one patient with unilateral atrophy of the testis were given human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) before surgery. Plasma estrogens were determined by radioimmunoassay; plasma androgens were measured by the double-isotope dilution derivative technique. Peripheral concentrations of these steroids before and after HCG were similar in both the normal men and the patients with unilateral testicular atrophy. In normal men, the mean +/-SE spermatic venous concentrations were DHEA, 73.1+/-11.7 ng/ml; Delta(4)A, 30.7+/-7.9 ng/ml; T, 751+/-114 ng/ml; E(1), 306+/-55 pg/ml; and E(2), 1298+/-216 pg/ml. Three of four subjects with unilateral testicular atrophy had greatly diminished spermatic venous levels of androgens and estrogens. HCG treatment increased the testicular secretion of DHEA and T fivefold, Delta(4)A threefold, E(1) sixfold, and E(2) eightfold in normal men. In the single subject with an atrophic testis who received HCG, the spermatic venous concentrations of androgens and estrogens were much less than in normal men similarly treated. We conclude that: (a) E(1) is secreted by the human testis, but testicular secretion of E(1) accounts for less than 5% of E(1) production in normal men; (b) HCG stimulation produces increases in spermatic venous estrogens equal to or greater than the changes in androgens, including testosterone; and (c) strikingly decreased secretion of androgen and estrogen by unilateral atrophic human tests cannot be appreciated by analyses of peripheral steroid concentrations.
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Testicular steroid output is predominantly testosterone, with lower levels of A4 and DHEA also being released into circulation.
“Testicular steroid output is predominantly testosterone, with lower levels of A4 and DHEA also being released into circulation [[51], [52], [53]].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
Concentrations of androgen in testicular venous blood of healthy individuals are T (high nanomolar-low micromolar) >> A4, DHEA (medium nanomolar).
“Concentrations of androgen in testicular venous blood of healthy individuals are T (high nanomolar-low micromolar) » A4, DHEA (medium nanomolar) (Hammond et al., 1977, Ishida et al., 1990, Weinstein et al., 1974).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Weinstein et al., 1974
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- Authors
- Weinstein, R. L., Kelch, R. P., Jenner, M. R., Kaplan, S. L., & Grumbach, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1974-01-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC301431
- OpenAlex
- W2122119142
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 10.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Navy
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- androgens, estrogen, human chorionic gonadotropin, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, estradiol, gonadotropin stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Estradiol, Estrone, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radioimmunoassay, Testis, Testosterone
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