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Receptor-mediated regional sympathetic nerve activation by leptin.
Open accessAbstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone produced by adipose tissue which acts centrally to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. Although leptin increases norepinephrine turnover in thermogenic tissues, the effects of leptin on directly measured sympathetic nerve activity to thermogenic and other tissues are not known. We examined the effects of intravenous leptin and vehicle on sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue, kidney, hindlimb, and adrenal gland in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Intravenous infusion of mouse leptin over 3 h (total dose 10-1,000 microg/kg) increased plasma concentrations of immunoreactive murine leptin up to 50-fold. Leptin slowly increased sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (+286+/-64% at 1,000 microg/kg; P = 0.002). Surprisingly, leptin infusion also produced gradual increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity (+228+/-63% at 1,000 microg/kg; P = 0.0008). The effect of leptin on sympathetic nerve activity was dose dependent, with a threshold dose of 100 microg/kg. Leptin also increased sympathetic nerve activity to the hindlimb (+287+/-60%) and adrenal gland (388+/-171%). Despite the increase in overall sympathetic nerve activity, leptin did not increase arterial pressure or heart rate. Leptin did not change plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Infusion of vehicle did not alter sympathetic nerve activity. Obese Zucker rats, known to possess a mutation in the gene for the leptin receptor, were resistant to the sympathoexcitatory effects of leptin, despite higher achieved plasma leptin concentrations. These data demonstrate that leptin increases thermogenic sympathetic nerve activity and reveal an unexpected stimulatory effect of leptin on overall sympathetic nerve traffic.
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In the citing paper
“These findings are in contrast to the effect of leptin administration on increase natriuresis (49, 50) and sympathetic activity (51) in normal, nonobese leptin-resistant Zucker rats (51).”
From The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men (2003) · cites this paper as [51]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Plasma leptin concentration is highly correlated with SNA activity123, and acute leptin infusions increase SNA in the brown adipose tissue, adrenal glands and kidneys of rodents124.”
From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [124]
In the citing paper
“acute leptin administration in rodents increased SNS activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the adrenal gland, and the kidneys84.”
From Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Interaction of Neurohumoral and Renal Mechanisms (2015) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“Acute leptin administration in rodents and humans increases renal and muscle SNS activity [45, 46] while chronic increases in plasma leptin levels, comparable to those found in severe obesity, caused sustained increases in BP and HR in rodents despite causing weight loss which would normally reduce BP [47].”
From Role of the brain melanocortins in blood pressure regulation (2017) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“In addition its effects on appetite and metabolism, leptin acts in the brain to produce receptor-mediated increases in regional sympathetic activity91.”
From The Sympathetic Nervous System Alterations in Human Hypertension (2015) · cites this paper as [91]
In the citing paper
“Leptin is a potent appetite suppressant and, like insulin, stimulates the SNS.24,25”
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“Notably, an intact Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) within the hypothalamus is required for leptin-mediated induction of satiety and increase in adipose tissue sympathetic drive, firmly planting the PVN as a major mediator of leptin mediated action (Haynes et al. 1997; Kannan et al. 1989; Leibowitz et al. 1981; Scarpace…”
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“Previous studies have shown that chronic leptin infusion significantly increased arterial pressure or the HR,(5) whereas acute leptin infusion did not.(27) These studies, as well as our results, indicate that leptin is distinct from other hormones, such as norepinephrine, that typically increase in response to orthost…”
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“Individuals with obesity have higher adiposity levels, which are the substrate for producing leptin; this results in increased leptin levels and heightened sympathetic nerve activity, which is associated with elevated BP 28,86 .”
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Self-citationThe Role of Leptin Levels in Adaptation to Cold Climates
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“The released free fatty acids react with UCP1 and overcome UCP1 in ibition, wherein all the energy from the combustion of the substrate (food) is directly released as heat [64–66].”
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Rodriguez, R. H., Bickta, J., Murawski, P., & O'Donnell, C. P. (2014) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12001 · Cited by 14
“1999), leptin signaling has been shown to activate adrenergic signaling (Haynes et al. 1997; Satoh et al. 1999; Minhas et al. 2005) to the heart.”
BackgroundJemtel, T. H. L., Richardson, W., Samson, R., Jaiswal, A., & Oparil, S. (2017) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-017-0713-6 · Cited by 14
Cerulenin upregulates heat shock protein-70 gene expression in chicken muscle
Dridi, S., Decuypere, E. M. P., & Buyse, J. G. (2013) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03242 · Cited by 14
“Recent studies have shown that cerulenin (Jin et al., 2004) and leptin (Haynes et al., 1997) modulate sympathetic nervous system activity, implying that they have the indicated that the regulation of Hsp-70 gene expression in normal chickens, as estimated by oxidative stress indices [TBA reacting…”
BackgroundThermogenesis and Related Metabolic Targets in Anti-Diabetic Therapy
Arch, J. R. S. (2011) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17214-4_10 · Cited by 14
Interleukin-1β alters brown adipose tissue but not renal sympathetic nerve responses to hypothermia
Kenney, M., Blecha, F., Morgan, D. A., & Fels, R. J. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.h2441 · Cited by 14
“The renal nerve was isolated retroperitoneally (17, 18, 28), and the IBAT nerve was isolated after visualization of the IBAT after a nape incision (13).”
MethodSelf-citationLeptin controls adiponectin production via the hypothalamus
Huypens, P. (2006) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.031 · Cited by 14
“Firstly, leptin stimulates the adrenal-sympathetic axis [31] and the subsequent increments of the sympathetic tonus and circulating glucocorticoid concentrations potently inhibit adiponectin production and systemic insulin sensitivity [23,32– 35].”
BackgroundNeuropeptidergic characterization of the leptin receptor mutated obese Koletsky rat
Keen‐Rhinehart, E., Kalra, S. P., & Kalra, P. S. (2004) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2003.12.016 · Cited by 14
Chong, A. C. N., Greendyk, R. A., & Zeltser, L. M. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0567 · Cited by 14
“Leptin action in the hindbrain has been reported to potentiate sympathetic activation (43; 45), consistent with the hypothesis that these circuits are engaged during a cold challenge in hyperleptinemic L 2.”
BackgroundInoue, T., Iseki, K., Iseki, C., Ohya, Y., Kinjo, K., & Takishita, S. (2008) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.72.454 · Cited by 14
Dunbar, J. C., & Lu, H. (2000) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00244-6 · Cited by 14
Leptin: Sympathetic and cardiovascular effects
Richards, R. J., Blalock, A., Liao, J., & Reisin, E. (2003) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-003-0106-0 · Cited by 14
“Investigators examined the effect of leptin on regional activation of the sympathetic nervous system in rats [ 21 ].”
BackgroundGalderisi, M. (2001) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02137-9 · Cited by 14
“6 and a direct relation between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and plasma LE has been reported”
BackgroundLeptin--a critical body weight signal and a "master" hormone?
Trayhurn, P. (2003) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/stke.2003.169.pe7 · Cited by 15
“Leptin has been shown to stimulate sympathetic activity to several tissues (11, 12), and it now seems that these tissues may include bone”
BackgroundNguyen, V. T.-T., Vu, V. V., & Pham, P. V. (2023) · Adipocyte · doi:10.1080/21623945.2023.2237164 · Cited by 15
Renal sympathetic nerve activity is increased in monosodium glutamate induced hyperadipose rats
Mattos, A. M. D. S., Xavier, C. H., Karlen‐Amarante, M., da Cunha, N. V., Fontes, M. A. P., & Martins‐Pinge, M. C. (2012) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.06.021 · Cited by 12
Left ventricle relative wall thickness and plasma leptin levels
Blasio, A. D., Donato, F., Stefano, A. D., Gallina, S., Granieri, M., Napolitano, G., Petrella, V., Riccardi, I., Santarelli, F., Valentini, P., et al. (2010) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e57813 · Cited by 13
Central infusion of leptin does not increase AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle of sheep
Laker, R. C., Henry, B. A., Wadley, G. D., Clarke, I. J., Canny, B. J., & McConell, G. K. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00079.2010 · Cited by 13
Leptin gene promoter DNA methylation in WNIN obese mutant rats
Kalashikam, R. R., Padmavathi, I. J. N., Thomas, A. E., Jeyapal, S., Giridharan, N. V., & Raghunath, M. (2014) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-25 · Cited by 13
Childhood Obesity in the Year 2001
Segal, D. G., & Sanchez, J. C. (2001) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/00019616-200107000-00008 · Cited by 13
Epicardial Fat Thickness in Heart Failure and Other Clinical Conditions
Whayne, T. F. (2012) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319712450310 · Cited by 13
Barzel, B., Lim, K., Davern, P. J., Burke, S. L., Armitage, J. A., & Head, G. A. (2016) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000811 · Cited by 13
Denroche, H. C., Kwon, M., Glavas, M. M., Tudurí, E., Philippe, M., Quong, W. L., & Kieffer, T. J. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.009 · Cited by 13
Role of autonomic nervous system in chronic CNS-mediated antidiabetic action of leptin
da Silva, A. A., Hall, J. E., Moak, S. P., Browning, J. R., Houghton, H. J., Micheloni, G. C., & do Carmo, J. M. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00301.2016 · Cited by 13
Marangon, P. B., Mecawi, A. S., Antunes‐Rodrigues, J., & Elias, L. L. K. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112793 · Cited by 13
Borba‐Murad, G. R., Mário, É. G., Bassoli, B. K., Bazotte, R. B., & de Souza, H. M. (2004) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.1163 · Cited by 13
A reappraisal on the ability of leptin to induce fever
Steiner, A. A., Krall, C. M., & Liu, E. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.018 · Cited by 13
“As in previous studies [34,36], the leptin solution was administered intravenously as a bolus injection of 1 mL/kg followed by an infusion of 1 mL/kg over 1 h, so that the total dose of leptin administered was 100, 250, 1000, or 3500 μg/kg.”
Gnanalingham, M. G., Mostyn, A., WEBB, R., Keisler, D. H., Raver, N., Alves‐Guerra, M., Pecqueur, C., Miroux, B., Symonds, M. E., & Stephenson, T. J. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00228.2005 · Cited by 14
The association between leptin and proinsulin is lost with central obesity
Söderberg, S., Åhrén, B., Eliasson, M., Dinesen, B., & Olsson, T. (2002) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01018.x · Cited by 13
Zhang, Y., Erdene, K., Zhao, Y., Li, C., Wang, L., Tian, F., Ao, C., & Hai, J. (2022) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103333 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Haynes, W. G., Morgan, D. A., Walsh, S. A., Mark, A. L., & Sivitz, W. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1997-07-15
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 270-278
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC508189
- OpenAlex
- W2061340727
- Cited by
- 979
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 14.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health (5p50hl044546-05, 5r29hl043514-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-43514, HL-44546)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-25295, P30DK025295)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- leptin, sympathetic activity, brown adipose tissue, renal sympathetic nerve activity, adrenal gland, thermogenesis, leptin receptor, Zucker fatty rats, norepinephrine, energy homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Adrenal Glands, Animals, Blood Glucose, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Disease Models, Animal, Hemodynamics, Hindlimb, Insulin, Kidney, Male, Obesity, Proteins, Rats, Zucker, Sympathetic Nervous System, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Leptin, Rats
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