The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autoimmune type 1 diabetes: resolved and unresolved issues
Open accessAbstract
Autoimmune diseasesType 1 diabetes, also known as either juvenile diabetes (because of the early age of onset) or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (because of the clinical need for insulin), is now widely thought to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease.Here we wish to summarize some generally accepted facts about this disease and then give our perspectives on unresolved issues surrounding prediction, pathogenesis, and treatment.In particular, we will discuss markers of the disease, such as autoantibodies against pancreatic islet cell antigens.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Baekkeskov, S., Aanstoot, H.-J., Christgai, S., Reetz, A., Solimena, M., Cascalho, M., Folli, F., Richter-Olesen, H., & Camilli, P.-D. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/347151a0 · Cited by 1,964
ISLET-CELL ANTIBODIES IN DIABETES MELLITUS WITH AUTOIMMUNE POLYENDOCRINE DEFICIENCIES
Bottazzo, G., Florin-Christensen, A., & Doniach, D. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90140-8 · Cited by 1,469
Pathologic anatomy of the pancreas in juvenile diabetes mellitus
Gepts, W. (1965) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.14.10.619 · Cited by 1,345
Verge, C. F., Gianani, R., Kawasaki, E., Yu, L., Pietropaolo, M., Chase, H. P., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Jackson, R. A. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.7.926 · Cited by 827
HL-A ANTIGENS AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Nerup, J., Platz, P., Andersen, O. O., Christy, M., Lyngsøe, J., Poulsen, J. E., Ryder, L. P., Thomsen, M., Nielsen, L. S., & Svejgaard, A. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91201-x · Cited by 818
Turner, R., Stratton, I., Horton, V., Manley, S., Zimmet, P., Mackay, I. R., Shattock, M., Bottazzo, G. F., & Holman, R. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)03062-6 · Cited by 779
Termination of Pregnancy on Psychiatric Grounds
(1964) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)92746-1 · Cited by 681
Imagawa, A., Hanafusa, T., Miyagawa, J.-I., & Matsuzawa, Y. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200002033420501 · Cited by 652
Baekkeskov, S., Nielsen, J. H., Marner, B., Bilde, T., Ludvigsson, J., & Lernmark, A. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/298167a0 · Cited by 531
Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene.
Bu, D. F., Erlander, M. G., Hitz, B. C., Tillakaratne, N. J., Kaufman, D. L., Wagner-McPherson, C. B., Evans, G. A., & Tobin, A. J. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2115 · Cited by 493
Cited by
Poznyak, A., Grechko, A. V., Poggio, P., Myasoedova, V. A., Alfieri, V., & Orekhov, A. N. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21051835 · Cited by 1,163
Regulation of Insulin Synthesis and Secretion and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes
Fu, Z., R. Gilbert, E., & Liu, D. (2013) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339913804143225 · Cited by 732
Voltarelli, J. C., Couri, C. E. B., Stracieri, A. B. P. L., Oliveira, M. C., Moraes, D. A., Pieroni, F., Coutinho, M., Malmegrim, K. C. R., Foss-Freitas, M. C., Simões, B. P., et al. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.14.1568 · Cited by 573
Parikka, V., Näntö-Salonen, K., Saarinen, M., Simell, T., Ilonen, J., Hyöty, H., Veijola, R., Knip, M., & Simell, O. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2523-3 · Cited by 235
Circulating anti-retinal antibodies as immune markers in age-related macular degeneration
Patel, N., Ohbayashi, M., Nugent, A. K., Ramchand, K., Toda, M., Chau, K., Bunce, C., Webster, A., Bird, A. C., Ono, S. J., et al. (2005) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02173.x · Cited by 125
Metadata
- Authors
- Notkins, A. L., & Lernmark, Å.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2001-11-01
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1247-1252
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2106869746
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autoimmune type 1 diabetes: resolved and unresolved issues. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1172/jci14257
- The paper
- Notkins, A. L., & Lernmark, Å. (2001). Autoimmune type 1 diabetes: resolved and unresolved issues. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci14257
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
