Circulating anti-retinal antibodies as immune markers in age-related macular degeneration
Abstract
Age-related macular maculopathy (ARM) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of blindness in the Western world. Despite the magnitude of this clinical problem, very little is known about the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we analysed the sera (using indirect immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis) from a very large cohort of such patients and normal age-matched controls to detect circulating anti-retinal antibodies. Patients with bilateral drusen (n = 64) and with chorioretinal neovascularization (CNV) (n = 51) were recruited in addition to age-matched control subjects (n = 39). The sera were analysed for anti-retinal immunoglobulins on retinal sections. The data were then correlated with the clinical features graded according to the International Classification and Grading System of ARM and AMD. The sera of patients with drusen (93.75%) and CNV (82.27%) were found to have a significantly (P = 0.02) higher titre of autoantibodies to the retina in comparison with controls (8.69%), indicating significant evidence of involvement of the immune process in early stages of AMD. Subsequent statistical analysis of the drusen group showed significant progressive staining (P = 0.0009) in the nuclei layers from early to late stages of ARM. Western blotting confirmed the presence of anti-retinal immunoglobulins to retinal antigens. As anti-retinal immunoglobulins are present in patients with bilateral drusen and exudative AMD, these antibodies could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Whilst we do not have evidence that these antibodies precede disease onset, the possibility that their presence might contribute to disease progression needs to be investigated. Finally, the eventual identification of the target antigens detected by these antibodies may permit the future development of new diagnostic methods for ARM and AMD.
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Patients with drusen and CNV have higher circulating levels of anti-retinal antibodies compared to controls.
“Additionally, patients with drusen and CNV have higher circulating levels of anti-retinal antibodies compared to controls (Patel et al., 2005)”
From Retinal ultrastructure of murine models of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (2010) · cites this paper as Patel et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Patel, N., Ohbayashi, M., Nugent, A. K., Ramchand, K., Toda, M., Chau, K., Bunce, C., Webster, A., Bird, A. C., Ono, S. J., & Chong, V.
- Affiliations
- King's College Hospital (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ono, Santa Jeremy
- Venue
- Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-06-09
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 422-430
- ISSN
- 0019-2805 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2567
- OpenAlex
- W2157100733
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Keywords
- age-related macular degeneration, antiretinal antibodies, autoantibodies, drusen, choroidal neovascularization, retinal antigens, immunological markers, pathogenesis, disease progression, diagnostic biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antigens, Autoantibodies, Cells, Cultured, Female, HeLa Cells, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Immunohistochemistry, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Pigment Epithelium of Eye, Retina, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Retinal Drusen, Retinal Neovascularization, Microscopy, Confocal, Jurkat Cells
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