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Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone.
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease is characterized by decreased bone formation and in situ death of isolated segments of bone (osteonecrosis) suggesting that glucocorticoid excess, the third most common cause of osteoporosis, may affect the birth or death rate of bone cells, thus reducing their numbers. To test this hypothesis, we administered prednisolone to 7-mo-old mice for 27 d and found decreased bone density, serum osteocalcin, and cancellous bone area along with trabecular narrowing. These changes were accompanied by diminished bone formation and turnover, as determined by histomorphometric analysis of tetracycline-labeled vertebrae, and impaired osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, as determined by ex vivo bone marrow cell cultures. In addition, the mice exhibited a threefold increase in osteoblast apoptosis in vertebrae and showed apoptosis in 28% of the osteocytes in metaphyseal cortical bone. As in mice, an increase in osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis was documented in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Decreased production of osteoclasts explains the reduction in bone turnover, whereas decreased production and apoptosis of osteoblasts would account for the decline in bone formation and trabecular width. Furthermore, accumulation of apoptotic osteocytes may contribute to osteonecrosis. These findings provide evidence that glucocorticoid-induced bone disease arises from changes in the numbers of bone cells.
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“A high level of glucocorticoid in smokers alters bone metabolism and decreases bone mass either directly by changing the osteoblast and osteoclast activities or indirectly by altering the gastrointestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium [39–42].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In mice, BMD loss with prednisolone was associated with decreased osteocalcin and decreased bone formation, with no histological or biochemical evidence for increased bone resorption (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
In the citing paper
“bone marrow harvested from mice treated with prednisolone showed reduced osteoclastogenic potential (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
In the citing paper
“One important component of glucocorticoid biology that is lacking in most cell culture models is the marked depletion of osteoblast numbers in animals treated with glucocorticoids (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
In the citing paper
“Bone marrow harvested from mice treated with prednisolone was shown to have markedly reduced osteoblastogenic capacity (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
In the citing paper
“Glucocorticoids can also inhibit osteoblast differentiation (249 -251), osteoblast attachment to bone matrix (252), and osteoblast production of IGF-I (253).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
In the citing paper
“The prednisolonerelated increase in bone volume in rats, confirmed in a study described immediately below (262), is not consistent with histological data from patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (194) and is a recognized limitation of the model (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
In the citing paper
“Glucocorticoids decrease BMD in rats (262, 263), mice (251), and minipigs (264).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
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Dexamethsone Suppresses Bone Formation via the Osteoclast
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weinstein, R. S., Jilka, R. L., Parfitt, A. M., & Manolagas, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1998-07-15
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 274-282
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC508885
- OpenAlex
- W2002315967
- Cited by
- 1,753
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 15.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ar043003-05)
- National Institute on Aging (P01 AG-13918, P01AG013918)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR43003)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast apoptosis, osteocyte apoptosis, prednisolone, avascular necrosis, bone formation, bone turnover, osteoclastogenesis, trabecular bone, bone mineral density, osteocalcin
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Bone and Bones, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Resorption, Cells, Cultured, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Male, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoporosis, Prednisolone, Spine, Bone Density, Apoptosis, Mice
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