Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone.
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease is characterized by decreased bone formation and in situ death of isolated segments of bone (osteonecrosis) suggesting that glucocorticoid excess, the third most common cause of osteoporosis, may affect the birth or death rate of bone cells, thus reducing their numbers. To test this hypothesis, we administered prednisolone to 7-mo-old mice for 27 d and found decreased bone density, serum osteocalcin, and cancellous bone area along with trabecular narrowing. These changes were accompanied by diminished bone formation and turnover, as determined by histomorphometric analysis of tetracycline-labeled vertebrae, and impaired osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, as determined by ex vivo bone marrow cell cultures. In addition, the mice exhibited a threefold increase in osteoblast apoptosis in vertebrae and showed apoptosis in 28% of the osteocytes in metaphyseal cortical bone. As in mice, an increase in osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis was documented in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Decreased production of osteoclasts explains the reduction in bone turnover, whereas decreased production and apoptosis of osteoblasts would account for the decline in bone formation and trabecular width. Furthermore, accumulation of apoptotic osteocytes may contribute to osteonecrosis. These findings provide evidence that glucocorticoid-induced bone disease arises from changes in the numbers of bone cells.
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A high level of glucocorticoid in smokers alters bone metabolism and decreases bone mass either directly by changing the osteoblast and osteoclast activities or indirectly by altering the gastrointestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium.
“A high level of glucocorticoid in smokers alters bone metabolism and decreases bone mass either directly by changing the osteoblast and osteoclast activities or indirectly by altering the gastrointestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium [39–42].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn mice, prednisolone-induced BMD loss is associated with decreased osteocalcin and decreased bone formation, with no histological or biochemical evidence for increased bone resorption.
“In mice, BMD loss with prednisolone was associated with decreased osteocalcin and decreased bone formation, with no histological or biochemical evidence for increased bone resorption (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
Bone marrow from prednisolone-treated mice shows reduced osteoclastogenic potential.
“bone marrow harvested from mice treated with prednisolone showed reduced osteoclastogenic potential (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
A component lacking in most cell culture models is marked depletion of osteoblast numbers in glucocorticoid-treated animals.
“One important component of glucocorticoid biology that is lacking in most cell culture models is the marked depletion of osteoblast numbers in animals treated with glucocorticoids (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
Bone marrow from prednisolone-treated mice has markedly reduced osteoblastogenic capacity.
“Bone marrow harvested from mice treated with prednisolone was shown to have markedly reduced osteoblastogenic capacity (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
Glucocorticoids can inhibit osteoblast differentiation, attachment to bone matrix, and production of IGF-I.
“Glucocorticoids can also inhibit osteoblast differentiation (249 -251), osteoblast attachment to bone matrix (252), and osteoblast production of IGF-I (253).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
The prednisolone-related increase in bone volume in rats is not consistent with histological data from patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and is a recognized limitation of the model.
“The prednisolonerelated increase in bone volume in rats, confirmed in a study described immediately below (262), is not consistent with histological data from patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (194) and is a recognized limitation of the model (251).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
Glucocorticoids decrease BMD in rats, mice, and minipigs.
“Glucocorticoids decrease BMD in rats (262, 263), mice (251), and minipigs (264).”
From Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [251]
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“Osteocyte apoptosis is prevalent in GC-induced osteoporosis (24), and preliminary results of an animal study demonstrated that osteocyte viability was an important determinant of bone strength independent of BMD (25).”
BackgroundResultInhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α*
Gilbert, L., He, X., Farmer, P., Boden, S., Kozlowski, M., Rubin, J., & Nanes, M. S. (2000) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.141.11.7739 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Combs, T. P., Berg, A. H., Rajala, M. W., Klebanov, S., Iyengar, P., Jimenez-Chillaron, J. C., Patti, M. E., Klein, S. L., Weinstein, R. S., & Scherer, P. E. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.2.268 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
“prednisolone were implanted, as previously described (13).”
BackgroundSelf-citationManolagas, S. C. (2002) · Recent Progress in Hormone Research · doi:10.1210/rp.57.1.385 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
“Specifically, we have found that in rodents as well as in humans increased apoptosis of osteoblast and osteocytes is a key pathogenetic mechanism of the adverse effects of glucocorticoid excess on bone (Weinstein et al., 1998; Manolagas and Weinstein, 1999).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSclerostin Stimulates Osteocyte Support of Osteoclast Activity by a RANKL-Dependent Pathway
Wijenayaka, A. R., Kogawa, M., Lim, H. P., Bonewald, L. F., Findlay, D. M., & Atkins, G. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025900 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
“However, glucocorticoid-induced osteocyte apoptosis is associated with reduced osteoclastogenesis [63].”
BackgroundAguirre, J. I., Plotkin, L. I., Stewart, S. A., Weinstein, R. S., Parfitt, A. M., Manolagas, S. C., & Bellido, T. (2006) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.060107 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
“BMD determinations by DXA (Hologic) were performed at 2-wk intervals.((7,9)) Groups of 8–12 mice that have reached adult peak bone mass (4–5 months old) were used for the experiments.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and options for treatment
Chotiyarnwong, P., & McCloskey, E. V. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0341-0 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence
Bolamperti, S., Villa, I., & Rubinacci, A. (2022) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-022-00219-8 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
“Apoptosis exerts a significant effect on the number of osteoblasts producing bone matrix at a bone formation site.(283) The balance between the expression of proapoptotic factors Bim and Bak and the prosurvival factor Bcl determines the osteoblast life span and, therefore, bone volume and strength.”
BackgroundSikavitsas, V. I., Bancroft, G. N., Holtorf, H. L., Jansen, J. A., & Mikos, A. G. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2434367100 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update
Compston, J. E. (2018) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1588-2 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
“Direct effects of glucocorticoids on bone formation are mediated largely through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma receptor 2 (PPARγ2) [24] and effects on the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway [25, 26].”
BackgroundRegulation of Osteoblast Formation and Function
Aubin, J. E. (2001) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010011209064 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
The Pathogenesis of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: So Many Hypotheses, So Few Data
Allen, M. R., & Burr, D. B. (2009) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2009.01.007 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Rosiglitazone Causes Bone Loss in Mice by Suppressing Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation
Ali, A., Weinstein, R. S., Stewart, S. A., PARFITT, A. M., Manolagas, S. C., & Jilka, R. L. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0735 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
“Variables were measured and reported as previously described (23, 25, 26) using the terminology recommended by the Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (27).”
MethodSelf-citationYaccoby, S., Ling, W., Zhan, F., Walker, R. C., Barlogie, B., & Shaughnessy, J. D. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-09-047712 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis
Weinstein, R. S. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9580-0 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Self-citationRauch, A., Seitz, S., Baschant, U., Schilling, A., Illing, A., Stride, B. D., Kirilov, M., Mandic, V., Takacz, A., Schmidt-Ullrich, R., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.05.005 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Osteocytes as Dynamic Multifunctional Cells
Bonewald, L. F. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1402.018 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Manolagas, S. C., & Parfitt, A. M. (2010) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2010.01.010 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucocorticoids Act Directly on Osteoclasts to Increase Their Life Span and Reduce Bone Density
Jia, D., O’Brien, C. A., Stewart, S. A., Manolagas, S. C., & Weinstein, R. S. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-0459 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
“L1-L4 from wild-type and transgenic mice were fixed and embedded undecalcified in methyl methacrylate and stained for quantitative histological analysis as previously described (4, 5, 9).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationApoptosis of Osteocytes in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Hip 1
Weinstein, R. S., Nicholas, R. W., & Manolagas, S. C. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.8.6714 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
“In addition, TUNEL has been used with DNA fragmentation and immunohistochemical studies to demonstrate apoptosis of osteoblastic cells and osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo ( 7 , 12, 13).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationControl of Bone Mass and Remodeling by PTH Receptor Signaling in Osteocytes
O’Brien, C. A., Plotkin, L. I., Galli, C., Goellner, J. J., Gortázar, A. R., Allen, M. R., Robling, A. G., Bouxsein, M., Schipani, E., Turner, C. H., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002942 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
“Detection of apoptotic osteoblasts and osteocytes by in situ nickend labeling was performed as previously described [6,78].”
MethodSelf-citationGlucocorticoids suppress bone formation via the osteoclast.
Kim, H.-J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28084 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
“Net bone mass represents the relative activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and there is little question that GCs suppress bone-forming cells, in vivo, via a process involving accelerated apoptosis (1, 2).”
BackgroundNew Developments in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis
Manolagas, S. C., & Weinstein, R. S. (1999) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.7.1061 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
“sion on osteoclastogenesis); as well as by promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes.((20)) Moreover, our work has demonstrated that the mouse, unlike the rat and other previously examined laboratory animals, is a faithful animal model of the glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in humans.”
BackgroundSelf-citationOsteocyte-Driven Bone Remodeling
Bellido, T. (2014) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-013-9774-y · Cited by 384 · see citing works
“It is now recognized that decreased osteocyte viability accompanies not only the bone fragility syndrome that characterizes estrogen withdrawal but also glucocorticoid excess, mechanical disuse, and aging [34, 50, 51].”
Bellido, T., Ali, A., Plotkin, L. I., Fu, Q., Gubrij, I. B., Roberson, P. K., Weinstein, R. S., O’Brien, C. A., Manolagas, S. C., & Jilka, R. L. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m307444200 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Self-citationOverview: animal models of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Jee, W. S. S., & Yao, W. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Alikhani, M., Alikhani, Z., Boyd, C. M., MacLellan, C. M., Raptis, M., Liu, R., Pischon, N., Trackman, P. C., Gerstenfeld, L. C., & Graves, D. T. (2006) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.09.011 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Transcriptional Regulatory Cascades in Runx2-Dependent Bone Development
Liu, T. M., & Lee, E. H. (2012) · Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0527 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Bone loss in inflammatory disorders
Hardy, R., & Cooper, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-08-0568 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis and Osteonecrosis
Weinstein, R. S. (2012) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.004 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
“Inadequate numbers of osteoblasts and incomplete erosion cavity repair during bone remodeling are the main cause of the reduction in cancellous bone area, wall width, trabecular width and bone formation rate typically found in GIO (22).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLane, N. E., Yao, W., Balooch, M., Nalla, R. K., Balooch, G., Habelitz, S., Kinney, J. H., & Bonewald, L. F. (2006) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.051103 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
“We found greater numbers of apoptotic osteocytes in prednisolone-treated mice compared with the controls, but substantially less than reported by Weinstein et al.(14,25) Bellido et al.(36) reported in an in vitro study that GCs induced apoptosis of osteocytes.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKerachian, M. A., Séguin, C., & Harvey, E. J. (2009) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.02.007 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
“These changes were accompanied by diminished bone formation and turnover and impaired osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis [32] .”
BackgroundJoint IOF-ECTS GIO Guidelines Working Group, Lekamwasam, S., Adachi, J. D., Agnusdei, D., Bilezikian, J. P., Boonen, S., Borgström, F., Cooper, C. C., Díez‐Pérez, A., Eastell, R., et al. (2012) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-012-1958-1 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
“In addition, apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes is enhanced by glucocorticoids leading to a shorter life span of bone-forming and mechanosensing cells [26].”
BackgroundTransduction of Cell Survival Signals by Connexin-43 Hemichannels
Plotkin, L. I., Manolagas, S. C., & Bellido, T. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m108625200 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationWeinstein, R. S., Chen, J., Powers, C. C., Stewart, S. A., Landes, R. D., Bellido, T., Jilka, R. L., PARFITT, A. M., & Manolagas, S. C. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14538 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
“We have reported previously that glucocorticoid administration to mice for 27 days (a period representing chronic rather than short-term drug exposure) decreases the number of osteoblast and osteoclast progenitors, decreases the cancellous osteoblast and osteoclast perimeters, and increases osteoblast apoptosis (20).”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe Relevance of Mouse Models for Investigating Age-Related Bone Loss in Humans
Jilka, R. L. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt046 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
“7% per day as measured in the distal femur; each episode of remodeling takes about 2 weeks to complete (44).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAbe, E., Yamamoto, M., Taguchi, Y., Lecka‐Czernik, B., O’Brien, C. A., Economides, A. N., Stahl, N., Jilka, R. L., & Manolagas, S. C. (2000) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.4.663 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citationAnimal models for osteoporosis
Komori, T. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.028 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Ambrogini, E., Almeida, M., Martín-Millán, M., Paik, J.-H., DePinho, R. A., Li, H., Goellner, J. J., Weinstein, R. S., Jilka, R. L., O’Brien, C. A., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.12.009 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
“Detection of apoptotic osteoblasts or osteocytes was performed by in-situ nick-end labeling (ISEL) using the Klenow enzyme (Oncogene Research Products) in sections counterstained with 2% methyl green as previously described (Weinstein et al., 1998).”
Self-citationShear Stress Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Yourek, G., McCormick, S. M., Mao, J. J., & Reilly, G. C. (2010) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme.10.60 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
“Systematic administration of glucocorticoids in human patients has deleterious effects such as bone loss [17] and can induce cell apoptosis [18].”
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Briot, K., & Roux, C. (2015) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000014 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Fracture risk with intermittent high‐dose oral glucocorticoid therapy
de Vries, F., Bracke, M., Leufkens, H. G. M., Lammers, J. J., Cooper, C. C., & van Staa, T. P. (2006) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22294 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis
Noh, J., Yang, Y. D., & Jung, H. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207623 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“Glucocorticoids enhance the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts [23], while inhibiting osteoblastogenesis by promoting osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis [24], resulting in increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation [25,26].”
BackgroundMartin-Millan, M., Almeida, M., Ambrogini, E., Han, L., Zhao, H., Weinstein, R. S., Jilka, R. L., O'Brien, C. A., & Manolagas, S. C. (2010) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2009-0354 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationThe pharmacology of bisphosphonates and new insights into their mechanisms of action
Russell, R. G. G., Rogers, M. J., Frith, J. C., Luckman, S. P., Coxon, F. P., Benford, H. L., Croucher, P. I., Shipman, C. M., & Fleisch, H. A. (1999) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650140212 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Weinstein, R. S., Wan, C., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Almeida, M., O’Brien, C. A., Thostenson, J., Roberson, P. K., Boskey, A. L., Clemens, T. L., et al. (2009) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00545.x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“pyknotic nuclei lining the cancellous bone perimeter and apoptotic osteocytes as brown, pyknotic cells buried in lacunae within mineralized bone (Weinstein et al., 1998; Kousteni et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMechanical stimulation prevents osteocyte apoptosis: requirement of integrins, Src kinases, and ERKs
Plotkin, L. I., Mathov, I., Aguirre, J. I., PARFITT, A. M., Manolagas, S. C., & Bellido, T. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00278.2004 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
“In support of this notion, the increased bone fragility that results from glucocorticoid excess or sex steroid deficiency in animals and humans is associated with increased prevalence of osteocyte apoptosis (36, 61, 66).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe effects of smoking on bone metabolism
Yoon, V., Maalouf, N. M., & Sakhaee, K. (2012) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-012-1940-y · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Therapeutic glucocorticoids: mechanisms of actions in rheumatic diseases
Hardy, R., Raza, K., & Cooper, M. S. (2020) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-020-0371-y · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Novel actions of bisphosphonates in bone: Preservation of osteoblast and osteocyte viability
Bellido, T., & Plotkin, L. I. (2010) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2010.08.008 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
“Moreover, osteocyte apoptosis is increased inconditionsof increasedbone fragility, such as osteoporosis due to excess of glucocorticoids [44] and sex steroid deficiency [52,53].”
BackgroundThe osteocyte as a signaling cell
Delgado‐Calle, J., & Bellido, T. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00043.2020 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
The Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
van Staa, T. P. (2006) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-006-0019-1 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“The prolongation of the lifespan of osteoblasts and osteocytes may contribute more than the antiresorptive properties to bone effects of bisphosphonates [14].”
BackgroundGlucocorticoids and bone: consequences of endogenous and exogenous excess and replacement therapy
Hardy, R. S., Zhou, H., Seibel, M. J., & Cooper, M. S. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00097 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The OPG/RANKL/RANK system in metabolic bone diseases.
Hofbauer, L. C., Kühne, C. A., & Viereck, V. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Weinstein, R. S., & Manolagas, S. C. (2000) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00420-9 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationPerspectives on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
CANALIS, E. M., Bilezikian, J. P., Angeli, A., & Giustina, A. (2003) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2003.11.026 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Hartmann, K., Koenen, M., Schauer, S., Wittig-Blaich, S., Ahmad, M., Baschant, U., & Tuckermann, J. P. (2016) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2015 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Osteoblasts play key roles in the mechanisms of action of strontium ranelate
Brennan‐Speranza, T. C., Rybchyn, M. S., Green, W. L., Atwa, S. M., Conigrave, A. D., & Mason, R. S. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00305.x · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“…fracture risk (Bonewald, 2004; Almeida et al., 2007), and it is well established that the protective mechanism of oestrogen to reduce fracture risk in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis includes an increased osteoblast and osteocyte lifespan (Weinstein et al., 1998; Dennison, 1999).”
BackgroundEstrogen Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Osteoblasts in Vivo and in Vitro1
Gohel, A., McCarthy, M.-B., & Gronowicz, G. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.11.7135 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Janssens, K., Vanhoenacker, F. M. H. M., Bonduelle, M., Verbruggen, L., Maldergem, L. V., Ralston, S. H., Guañabens, N., Migone, N., Wientroub, S., Divizia, M. T., et al. (2005) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2005.033522 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Yao, W., Cheng, Z., Busse, C., Pham, A., Nakamura, M. C., & Lane, N. E. (2008) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23454 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Sclerostin promotes the apoptosis of human osteoblastic cells: a novel regulation of bone formation
Sutherland, M. K., Geoghegan, J. C., Yu, C., Turcott, E., Skonier, J. E., Winkler, D. G., & Latham, J. A. (2004) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2004.05.023 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
FOXOs attenuate bone formation by suppressing Wnt signaling
Iyer, S. V., Ambrogini, E., Bartell, S. M., Li, H., Roberson, P. K., de Cabo, R., Jilka, R. L., Weinstein, R. S., O’Brien, C. A., Manolagas, S. C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci68049 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“Introduction Osteoblasts, the cells responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix, are terminally differentiated postmitotic cells with a short life span (1, 2).”
Self-citationHenriksen, K., Bollerslev, J., Everts, V. E., & Karsdal, M. A. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2010-0006 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Lane, N. E., Sanchez, S., Modin, G. W., Genant, H. K., Pierini, E., & Arnaud, C. D. (2000) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.5.944 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“(19,20) Although supplementation with calcium and vitamin D and treatment with antiresorptive agents can prevent bone loss and modestly increase bone mass in patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy, they do not stimulate bone formation.”
BackgroundOsteoblast Apoptosis and Bone Turnover
Hock, J. M., Krishnan, V., Onyia, J. E., Bidwell, J. P., Milas, J., & Stanislaus, D. (2001) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.6.975 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
“(25) Whether these putative mechanisms are restricted”
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: mechanisms, management, and future perspectives
Seibel, M. J., Cooper, M. S., & Zhou, H. (2013) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70045-7 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The Determinants of Peak Bone Mass
Gordon, C. M., Zemel, B. S., Wren, T. A. L., Leonard, M. B., Bachrach, L. K., Rauch, F., Gilsanz, V., Rosen, C. J., & Winer, K. K. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.056 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Kim, S., Yamazaki, M., Zella, L. A., Shevde, N. K., & Pike, J. W. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00353-06 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“At the level of the osteoblast, GCs reduce both the functional capacity of these cells to form bone and the period of time during which this functionality occurs (43, 67).”
BackgroundChavassieux, P., Seeman, E., & Delmas, P. D. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2006-0029 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Plotkin, L. I., Lezcano, V., Thostenson, J., Weinstein, R. S., Manolagas, S. C., & Bellido, T. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.080617 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
“To determine whether deletion of Cx43 from osteocytes and osteoblasts affects bone accrual, BMD was determined by DXA (Hologic) every 2 wk, starting at 2 mo of age, until the animals reached the adult peak bone mass.((11,28))”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationTreating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad ?
Pofi, R., Caratti, G., Ray, D. W., & Tomlinson, J. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad016 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“Briefly, GCs increase osteocyte apoptosis and suppress osteoblasts activity and therefore limit bone formation (249) while increasing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption (250, 251).”
Background
- Authors
- Weinstein, R. S., Jilka, R. L., Parfitt, A. M., & Manolagas, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1998-07-15
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 274-282
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC508885
- OpenAlex
- W2002315967
- Cited by
- 1,753
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 15.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ar043003-05)
- National Institute on Aging (P01 AG-13918, P01AG013918)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01 AR43003)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast apoptosis, osteocyte apoptosis, prednisolone, avascular necrosis, bone formation, bone turnover, osteoclastogenesis, trabecular bone, bone mineral density, osteocalcin
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Bone and Bones, Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Resorption, Cells, Cultured, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Male, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoporosis, Prednisolone, Spine, Bone Density, Apoptosis, Mice
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