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CCDC22 deficiency in humans blunts activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling
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Mutations associated with Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome cause a decrease in the levels of Retriever subunits or CCC subunits, which interferes with the normal function of these complexes.
“several mutations associated with Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome cause a decrease in the levels of Retriever subunits (Otsuji et al., 2022; Kato et al., 2020) or CCC subunits (Starokadomskyy et al., 2013), which interferes with the normal function of these complexes.”
From Recruitment of the SNX17-Retriever recycling pathway regulates synaptic function and plasticity (2023) · cites this paper as Starokadomskyy et al., 2013
In “CCDC22 regulates the cellular localization of COMMD proteins” (page not provided), the paper reports a modest decrease in CCDC22 protein in cells from people with the T17A mutation and impaired binding of that protein to COMMD1. It describes the affected family as having XLID and other developmental abnormalities, not Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome, and does not establish reduced levels of CCC subunits generally or test the CCC complex under that name. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe CCC protein complex consists of CCDC22, CCDC93, and any of the 10 COMMD proteins.
“the CCC protein complex, which consists of CCDC22, CCDC93, and any of the 10 COMMD proteins”
From Endosomal PI(3)P regulation by the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) complex controls membrane protein recycling (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
In “COMMD proteins associate with CCDC22, a broadly expressed gene,” the paper reports that all 10 COMMD proteins interact with CCDC22. The Discussion proposes distinct CCDC22–COMMD complexes rather than one containing all 10 at once. Our copy does not establish CCDC93 as a component or describe the three-part CCC complex claimed here (searched: CCDC93, CCC complex). (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMutations in Commander lead to hypercholesterolemia through reduced trafficking of LDLRs.
“Mutations in Commander lead to hypercholesterolemia through reduced trafficking of LDLRs.7,8,9,10,12,13,14”
From Structure of the endosomal Commander complex linked to Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
The section ‘CCDC22 regulates the cellular localization of COMMD proteins’ reports that the CCDC22 T17A mutation impairs binding to COMMD1. That supports a mutation affecting a COMMD-associated protein, but our copy does not connect it to LDLR trafficking or hypercholesterolemia; searches for those terms found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEarly studies implicated COMMD1 and COMMD7 in regulating NF-κB levels and transcriptional pathways through interactions with cullin-containing ubiquitin ligases.
“early studies of individual Commander subunits (COMMD1 and COMMD7) implicated these proteins in regulating NF-κB levels and transcriptional pathways through interactions with cullin-containing ubiquitin ligases.12,34,35,36,37,38,39,40”
From Structure of the endosomal Commander complex linked to Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction links COMMD1 and other COMMD family members to Cullin-RING ligases, and describes a COMMD1-dependent ligase step in NF-κB regulation. The paper does not specifically link COMMD7 to NF-κB regulation through those ligases; a search for COMMD7 found only statements about the COMMD family as a whole. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMutations in Commander subunits are causative for X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (RSS).
“mutations in its subunits are causative for X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (RSS), a multi-system developmental disorder characterised by abnormal craniofacial features, cerebellar hypoplasia, and stunted cardiovascular development.7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14”
From Structure of the endosomal Commander complex linked to Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
The section on CCDC22 and COMMD proteins (page unavailable) reports a CCDC22 mutation in a family with XLID and shows that the mutation impairs COMMD1 binding. Our copy does not identify these patients as having Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome or support the cited syndrome description, so it supports only the XLID part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Mutations in WASHC5, CCDC22, and VPS35L result in 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome.
“Over the past decade, mutations in additional genes, CCDC22 and VPS35L, that also result in 3 C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome have been reported [3–7].”
From CCDC22 mutations that impair COMMD binding cause attenuated 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
The section on CCDC22 and COMMD proteins (page unavailable) describes a CCDC22 mutation in a family with X-linked intellectual disability and other developmental abnormalities. It does not identify the condition as 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. The searched passages also do not address VPS35L or WASHC5, so the source supports only the narrower point that CCDC22 mutations are associated with a developmental disorder. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCCC is required for retromer- and retriever-dependent protein trafficking.
“the CCC protein complex, which consists of CCDC22, CCDC93, and any of the 10 COMMD proteins, is required for retromer- and retriever-dependent protein trafficking27–32”
From Endosomal PI(3)P regulation by the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) complex controls membrane protein recycling (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
The section on CCDC22 and COMMD localization reports that CCDC22 interacts with all 10 COMMD proteins and regulates their cellular distribution. Neither that passage nor the additional passages retrieved for retromer, retriever, and trafficking addresses whether the CCC complex is required for retromer- or retriever-dependent protein trafficking. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe CCC complex has been recognized for its role in regulating endosomal recycling of various cargos.
“The CCC complex is a molecular assembly that has been recognized for its role in regulating endosomal recycling of various cargos20,27,30–32,34”
From Endosomal PI(3)P regulation by the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) complex controls membrane protein recycling (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
The section ‘COMMD proteins associate with CCDC22, a broadly expressed gene’ establishes that CCDC22 and COMMD proteins interact, and ‘CCDC22 regulates the cellular localization of COMMD proteins’ reports changes in their cellular distribution. Neither section addresses endosomal recycling of cargos; searches for ‘endosomal,’ ‘recycling,’ and cargo trafficking found no passage establishing the attributed role. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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To degrade or not to degrade: Mechanisms and significance of endocytic recycling
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CCC- and WASH-mediated endosomal sorting of LDLR is required for normal clearance of circulating LDL
Bartuzi, P., Billadeau, D. D., Favier, R., Rong, S., Dekker, D., Fedoseienko, A., Fieten, H., Wijers, M., Levels, J. H., Huijkman, N., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10961 · Cited by 205
Self-citationEndosomal retrieval of cargo: Retromer is not alone
McNally, K. E., & Cullen, P. J. (2018) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.005 · Cited by 169
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Self-citationStructure of the endosomal Commander complex linked to Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome
Healy, M. D., McNally, K. E., Butkovič, R., Chilton, M., Kato, K., Sacharz, J., McConville, C., Moody, E. R. R., Shaw, S., Planelles-Herrero, V. J., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.003 · Cited by 91
Structural organization of the retriever–CCC endosomal recycling complex
Boesch, D. J., Singla, A., Han, Y., Kramer, D. A., Liu, Q., Suzuki, K., Juneja, P., Zhao, X., Long, X., Medlyn, M. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-023-01184-4 · Cited by 52
Self-citationStructural basis for Retriever-SNX17 assembly and endosomal sorting
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Self-citationRecruitment of the SNX17-Retriever recycling pathway regulates synaptic function and plasticity
Rivero-Ríos, P., Tsukahara, T., Uygun, T., Chen, A., Chavis, G. D., Giridharan, S. S. P., Iwase, S., Sutton, M. A., & Weisman, L. S. (2023) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202207025 · Cited by 17
Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome can be characterized as an endosomal recyclinopathy
Kato, K., Nishio, Y., McMillan, K. J., Al-Maraghi, A., Kroes, H. Y., Abdel-Hamid, M. S., Jones, E., Shaw, S., Yoshida, A., Otsuji, S., et al. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adt2426 · Cited by 7
CCDC22 mutations that impair COMMD binding cause attenuated 3C/Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome
Singla, A., Rogers, C., Touma, M.-J., El-Najjar, Y., Colley, A., Boesch, D. J., Billadeau, D. D., Gecz, J., Chen, B., & Burstein, E. (2025) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-025-02168-7 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Starokadomskyy, P., Gluck, N., Li, H., Chen, B., Wallis, M., Maine, G. N., Mao, X., Zaidi, I. W., Hein, M. Y., McDonald, F. J., Lenzner, S., Zecha, A., Ropers, H.-H., Kuss, A. W., McGaughran, J., Gecz, J., & Burstein, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2013-04-08
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2244-2256
- ISSN
- 0021-9738
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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