The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 111 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development of autophagy inducers in clinical medicine
Open accessAbstract
Defects in autophagy have been linked to a wide range of medical illnesses, including cancer as well as infectious, neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. These observations have led to the hypothesis that autophagy inducers may prevent or treat certain clinical conditions. Lifestyle and nutritional factors, such as exercise and caloric restriction, may exert their known health benefits through the autophagy pathway. Several currently available FDA-approved drugs have been shown to enhance autophagy, and this autophagy-enhancing action may be repurposed for use in novel clinical indications. The development of new drugs that are designed to be more selective inducers of autophagy function in target organs is expected to maximize clinical benefits while minimizing toxicity. This Review summarizes the rationale and current approaches for developing autophagy inducers in medicine, the factors to be considered in defining disease targets for such therapy, and the potential benefits of such treatment for human health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Repertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases
Li, Y.-J., Jiang, Q., Cao, G.-F., Yao, J., & Yan, B. (2015) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000373980 · Cited by 16,304
Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease
Levine, B., & Kroemer, G. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.018 · Cited by 7,069
Self-citationAutophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
Mizushima, N., Levine, B., Cuervo, A. M., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06639 · Cited by 6,452
Self-citationAutophagy: Renovation of Cells and Tissues
Mizushima, N., & Komatsu, M. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.026 · Cited by 6,418
Autophagy and Viruses: Adversaries or Allies?
Dong, X., & Levine, B. (2013) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000346388 · Cited by 4,430
Self-citationLevine, B., & Klionsky, D. J. (2004) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(04)00099-1 · Cited by 3,678
Self-citationAntimicrobial Autophagy: A Conserved Innate Immune Response in Drosophila
Moy, R. H., & Cherry, S. (2013) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000350326 · Cited by 3,539
TFEB Links Autophagy to Lysosomal Biogenesis
Settembre, C., Di Malta, C., Polito, V. A., Arencibia, M. G., Vetrini, F., Erdin, S., Erdin, S. U., Huynh, T., Medina, D., Colella, P., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1204592 · Cited by 3,365
Autophagy in immunity and inflammation
Levine, B., Mizushima, N., & Virgin, H. W. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09782 · Cited by 3,289
Self-citationThe Role of Atg Proteins in Autophagosome Formation
Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., & Ohsumi, Y. (2011) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005 · Cited by 2,978
Cited by
MTOR: a pharmacologic target for autophagy regulation
Kim, Y. C., & Guan, K.-L. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci73939 · Cited by 2,126
Mizushima, N., & Levine, B. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2022774 · Cited by 1,140
Self-citationAutophagy and Neurodegeneration: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities
Menzies, F. M., Fleming, A., Caricasole, A., Bento, C. F., Andrews, S. P., Ashkenazi, A., Füllgrabe, J., Jackson, A., Jimenez Sanchez, M., Karabiyik, C., et al. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.022 · Cited by 1,134
A brief history of autophagy from cell biology to physiology and disease
Mizushima, N. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0092-5 · Cited by 696
Caloric restriction mimetics enhance anticancer immunosurveillance
Pietrocola, F., Pol, J., Vacchelli, E., Rao, S., Enot, D. P., Baracco, E. E., Levesque, S., Castoldi, F., Jacquelot, N., Yamazaki, T., et al. (2016) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.016 · Cited by 542
Metadata
- Authors
- Levine, B., Packer, M., & Codogno, P.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2015-01-02
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-24
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2048282904
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 111
- FWCI
- 30.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development of autophagy inducers in clinical medicine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1172/jci73938
- The paper
- Levine, B., Packer, M., & Codogno, P. (2015). Development of autophagy inducers in clinical medicine. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci73938
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
