Cited by 410Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismProstate Cancer Treatment and Research

Targeted hypoxia reduction restores T cell infiltration and sensitizes prostate cancer to immunotherapy

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Abstract

Despite the success of immune checkpoint blockade against melanoma, many "cold" tumors like prostate cancer remain unresponsive. We found that hypoxic zones were prevalent across preclinical prostate cancer and resisted T cell infiltration even in the context of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. We demonstrated that the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 reduces or eliminates hypoxia in these tumors. Combination therapy with this hypoxia-prodrug and checkpoint blockade cooperated to cure more than 80% of tumors in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate-derived (TRAMP-derived) TRAMP-C2 model. Immunofluorescence imaging showed that TH-302 drives an influx of T cells into hypoxic zones, which were expanded by checkpoint blockade. Further, combination therapy reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell density by more than 50%, and durably reduced the capacity of the tumor to replenish the granulocytic subset. Spontaneous prostate tumors in TRAMP transgenic mice, which completely resist checkpoint blockade, showed minimal adenocarcinoma tumor burden at 36 weeks of age and no evidence of neuroendocrine tumors with combination therapy. Survival of Pb-Cre4, Ptenpc-/-Smad4pc-/- mice with aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma was also significantly extended by this combination of hypoxia-prodrug and checkpoint blockade. Hypoxia disruption and T cell checkpoint blockade may sensitize some of the most therapeutically resistant cancers to immunotherapy.

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Authors
Jayaprakash, P., Ai, M., Liu, A., Budhani, P., Bartkowiak, T., Sheng, J., Ager, C., Nicholas, C., Jaiswal, A. R., Sun, Y., Shah, K., Balasubramanyam, S., Li, N., Wang, G., Ning, J., Zal, A., Zal, T., & Curran, M. A.
Affiliations
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Curran, Michael A.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Published
2018-10-15
Volume
128
Issue
11
Pages
5137-5149
ISSN
  • 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-8238
OpenAlex
W2890762462
Cited by
399
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 36 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 3
FWCI
13.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (RP170399)
  • Cancer Research Institute (CLIP-Curran)
  • National Cancer Institute (P50 CA140388)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Keywords
prostate cancer, tumor hypoxia, TH-302, hypoxia-activated prodrug, CTLA-4 blockade, anti-PD-1 therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, T cell infiltration, cold tumors, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, immunotherapy resistance, PTEN, SMAD4, neuroendocrine prostate cancer
MeSH terms
Adenocarcinoma, Animals, Immunotherapy, Male, Neoplasm Proteins, Neoplasms, Experimental, Nitroimidazoles, Phosphoramide Mustards, Prostatic Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Cell Hypoxia, Mice, Knockout, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice

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