Cited by 663Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

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Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma

Bessel A. van der Kolk, Onno van der Hart·1989·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/ajp.146.12.1530

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Abstract

In this reappraisal of the work of Pierre Janet at the centenary of the publication of L'automatisme psychologique, the authors review his investigations into the mental processes that transform traumatic experiences into psychopathology. Janet was the first to systematically study dissociation as the crucial psychological process with which the organism reacts to overwhelming experiences and show that traumatic memories may be expressed as sensory perceptions, affect states, and behavioral reenactments. Janet provided a broad framework that unifies into a larger perspective the various approaches to psychological functioning which have developed along independent lines in this century. Today his integrated approach may help clarify the interrelationships among such diverse topics as memory processes, state-dependent learning, dissociative reactions, and posttraumatic psychopathology.

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Authors: van der Kolk, B. A., & van der Hart, O.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Bessel A. van der Kolk
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1989-12-01
Volume: 146
Issue: 12
Pages: 1530-1540
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.146.12.1530
OpenAlex: W2295171167
Cited by: 658
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 27.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords: Pierre Janet, dissociation, psychological trauma, traumatic memory, reenactment, memory processes, state-dependent learning, dissociative reactions, history of psychology
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Combat Disorders, Dissociative Disorders, France, Humans, Hysteria, Learning, Memory, Models, Psychological, Neurotic Disorders, Psychiatry, Psychological Theory, Stress, Psychological, Temperament, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century

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Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma

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