Cited by 187Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyChild Abuse and TraumaPersonality Traits and Psychology

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The borderline diagnosis in adolescents: symptoms and developmental history

Pamela S. Ludolph, Drew Westen, Barbara Misle, A Jackson, Jean Wixom, F C Wiss·1990·American Journal of Psychiatry

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Abstract

Adult criteria for borderline personality disorder distinguished a group of 27 inpatient adolescent girls from 23 nonborderline inpatient female comparison subjects. The two groups were compared on retrospectively assessed variables measuring psychological, familial, and constitutional factors. Variables most likely to predict borderline personality disorder included history of disrupted attachments, maternal neglect, maternal rejection, grossly inappropriate parental behavior, number of mother and father surrogates, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. Families of borderline adolescents were chronically disrupted, particularly during the patients' early childhoods. The traumatic childhood experiences of the borderline adolescents were similar to those of adults with borderline personality disorder in recent studies.

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Authors: Ludolph, P. S., Westen, D., Misle, B., Jackson, A., Wixom, J., & Wiss, F. C.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 1990-04-01
Volume: 147
Issue: 4
Pages: 470-476
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.147.4.470
OpenAlex: W2283261533
Cited by: 187
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 17.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: borderline personality disorder, adolescents, adolescent girls, maternal neglect, maternal rejection, parental behavior, physical abuse, sexual abuse, family dysfunction, childhood trauma, developmental history, diagnostic criteria
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Diagnosis, Differential, Divorce, Family, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Parent-Child Relations, Paternal Deprivation, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors

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The borderline diagnosis in adolescents: symptoms and developmental history

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