The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Olanzapine Versus Placebo in Patients Prodromally Symptomatic for Psychosis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the efficacy of olanzapine in delaying or preventing conversion to psychosis and reducing symptoms in people with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia. METHOD: This randomized trial occurred at four North American clinics in the Prevention Through Risk Identification, Management, and Education project. Outpatients received olanzapine (5-15 mg/day, N=31) or placebo (N=29) during a 1-year double-blind treatment period and no treatment during a 1-year follow-up period. Efficacy measures included the conversion-to-psychosis rate and Scale of Prodromal Symptoms scores. RESULTS: During the treatment year, 16.1% of olanzapine patients and 37.9% of placebo patients experienced a conversion to psychosis, a nearly significant difference. The hazard of conversion among placebo patients was about 2.5 times that among olanzapine-treated patients, which also approached significance. In the follow-up year, the conversion rate did not differ significantly between groups. During treatment, the mean score for prodromal positive symptoms improved more in the olanzapine group than in the placebo group, and the mixed-model repeated-measures least-squares mean score showed significantly greater improvement between weeks 8 and 28 with olanzapine. The olanzapine patients gained significantly more weight (mean=8.79 kg, SD=9.05, versus mean=0.30 kg, SD=4.24). CONCLUSIONS: A significant treatment difference in the conversion-to-psychosis rate was not demonstrated. However, these results may be influenced by low power. The nearly significant differences suggest that olanzapine might reduce the conversion rate and delay onset of psychosis. Olanzapine was efficacious for positive prodromal symptoms but induced weight gain. Further treatment research in this phase of illness is warranted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, clinical trials have failed so far to provide clear evidence that antipsychotics can prevent conversion to schizophrenia in at-risk individuals 63 .”
From Developmental timing and critical windows for the treatment of psychiatric disorders (2016) · cites this paper as [63]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378
A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change
Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. (1979) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.134.4.382 · Cited by 13,962
A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity
Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429 · Cited by 8,744
A RATING SCALE FOR EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDE EFFECTS
Simpson, G. M., B., M., B., G., Angus, J. W. S., P., F. R. C., & M., D. P. (1970) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1970.tb02066.x · Cited by 3,265
A Rating Scale for Drug-Induced Akathisia
Barnes, T. R. E. (1989) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.154.5.672 · Cited by 2,179
The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect
Cook, R. J., & Sackett, D. L. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6977.452 · Cited by 1,885
Miller, T. J., McGlashan, T. H., Rosen, J. L., Cadenhead, K. S., Ventura, J., McFarlane, W. R., Perkins, D. O., Pearlson, G. D., & Woods, S. W. (2003) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007040 · Cited by 1,800
Self-citationMeasurement of Premorbid Adjustment in Chronic Schizophrenia
Cannon-Spoor, H. E., Potkin, S. G., & Wyatt, R. J. (1982) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/8.3.470 · Cited by 1,220
McGorry, P. D., Yung, A. R., Phillips, L. J., Yuen, H. P., Francey, S., Cosgrave, E. M., Germano, D., Bravin, J., McDonald, T., Blair, A., et al. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.921 · Cited by 1,056
Global Assessment of Functioning
Hall, R. C. W. (1995) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(95)71666-8 · Cited by 975
Miller, T. J., McGlashan, T. H., Rosen, J. L., Somjee, L., Markovich, P. J., Stein, K., & Woods, S. W. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.863 · Cited by 872
Self-citationOlanzapine versus Placebo and Haloperidol
Beasley, C. M., Tollefson, G. D., Tran, P., SATTERLEE, W. G., Sanger, T. M., & Hamilton, S. H. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00069-p · Cited by 777
Morrison, A. P., French, P., Walford, L., Lewis, S. W., Kilcommons, A., Green, J., Parker, S., & Bentall, R. P. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.4.291 · Cited by 740
Prediction of psychosis. A step towards indicated prevention of schizophrenia.
Yung, A. R., Phillips, L., McGorry, P. D., McFarlane, C. A., Francey, S. M., Harrigan, S., Patton, G. C., & Jackson, H. J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 698
Symptom Assessment in Schizophrenic Prodromal States
Miller, T. J., McGlashan, T. H., Woods, S. W., Stein, K., Driesen, N. R., Corcoran, C. M., Hoffman, R. E., & Davidson, L. (1999) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1023/a:1022034115078 · Cited by 641
Self-citationYung, A. R., Phillips, L., McGorry, P. D., McFarlane, C. A., Francey, S. M., Harrigan, S., Patton, G. C., & Jackson, H. J. (1998) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000297602 · Cited by 636
The Initial Prodrome in Psychosis: Descriptive and Qualitative Aspects
Yung, A., & McGorry, P. (1996) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.3109/00048679609062654 · Cited by 504
ACCOUNTING FOR DROPOUT BIAS USING MIXED-EFFECTS MODELS
Mallinckrodt, C. H., Clark, W. S., & David, S. R. (2001) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1081/bip-100104194 · Cited by 398 · cited 11×
“This Cox proportional hazards model included treatment and baseline scores for positive symptoms on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms as the terms in the model.”
MethodInfluentialLong-term olanzapine treatment: weight change and weight-related health factors in schizophrenia.
Kinon, B. J., Basson, B. R., Gilmore, J. A., & Tollefson, G. D. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 317
Long-Term Olanzapine Treatment
Kinon, B. J., Basson, B. R., Gilmore, J. A., & Tollefson, G. D. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n0204 · Cited by 269
Woods, S. W., Breier, A. F., Zipursky, R. B., Perkins, D. O., Addington, J., Miller, T. J., Hawkins, K. A., Márquez, E. M. A., Lindborg, S. R., Tohen, M. F., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00321-4 · Cited by 220
Self-citationMcGlashan, T. H., Zipursky, R. B., Perkins, D. O., Addington, D. E., Miller, T. J., Woods, S. W., Hawkins, K. A., Hoffman, R., Lindborg, S. R., Tohen, M. F., et al. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00439-5 · Cited by 213
Self-citationSullivan, H. S. (1927) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.84.1.105 · Cited by 181
Miller, T. J., Zipursky, R. B., Perkins, D., Addington, J., Woods, S. W., Hawkins, K. A., Hoffman, R., Preda, A., Epstein, I., Addington, D., et al. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00440-1 · Cited by 150
Self-citationPsychosis treatment prior to psychosis onset: ethical issues
McGlashan, T. H. (2001) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00238-9 · Cited by 116
Self-citationEffects of Development on Olanzapine-Associated Adverse Events
Woods, S. W., Martin, A., SPECTOR, S. G., & McGlashan, T. H. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200212000-00015 · Cited by 109
Self-citationThe Reliability of the Family History Method for Psychiatric Diagnoses
Zimmerman, M. A. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800280030004 · Cited by 108
The onset of schizophrenia. 1927 [classical article]
Sullivan, H. S. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.6.134 · Cited by 46
Commentary: Progress, Issues, and Implications of Prodromal Research: An Inside View
McGlashan, T. H. (2003) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007051 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- McGlashan TH, 2001, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic, 135
- Guy, 1976, ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology: Publication ADM 76-338
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Psychosis High-Risk State: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review
Fusar-Poli, P., Borgwardt, S., Bechdolf, A., Addington, J., Riecher-Rössler, A., Schultze-Lutter, F., Keshavan, M., Wood, S., Ruhrmann, S., Seidman, L. J., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.269 · Cited by 1,483
Self-citationPredicting Psychosis: Meta-analysis of Transition Outcomes in Individuals at High Clinical Risk
Fusar-Poli, P. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1472 · Cited by 1,361
Cannon, T. D., Cadenhead, K., Cornblatt, B., Woods, S. W., Addington, J., Walker, E., Seidman, L. J., Perkins, D., Tsuang, M., McGlashan, T., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.3 · Cited by 1,269
Self-citationKahn, R. S., Sommer, I. E., Murray, R. M., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Weinberger, D. R., Cannon, T. D., O’Donovan, M. C., Correll, C. U., Kane, J. M., van Os, J., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.67 · Cited by 1,163
Amminger, G. P., Schäfer, M. R., Papageorgiou, K., Klier, C. M., Cotton, S. M., Harrigan, S. M., Mackinnon, A., McGorry, P. D., & Berger, G. E. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.192 · Cited by 896
Metadata
- Authors
- McGlashan, T. H., Zipursky, R. B., Perkins, D., Addington, J., Miller, T., Woods, S. W., A. Hawkins, K., E. Hoffman, R., Preda, A., Epstein, I., Addington, D., Lindborg, S., Trzaskoma, Q., Tohen, M., & Breier, A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 790-799
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2121366540
- Cited by
- 556
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 32.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- University of Toronto
- National Institutes of Health (5r24mh054446-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K05 MH-01654, MH01654, 1 K23 MH01905, K23MH001905, R01MH067073, R01 MH-67073, R24-MH-54446, R02 MH-50557, K05MH001654)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- olanzapine, transition to psychosis, weight gain, atypical antipsychotics
- MeSH terms
- Olanzapine, Adolescent, Ambulatory Care, Benzodiazepines, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Obesity, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Antipsychotic Agents, Weight Gain, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
