Cited by 207Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumPrenatal Substance Exposure EffectsPregnancy and Medication Impact

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Internalizing Behaviors in 4-Year-Old Children Exposed in Utero to Psychotropic Medications

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Misri, Shaila, Reebye, Pratibha, Kendrick, Kristin, Carter, Diana, Ryan, Deirdre, Grunau, Ruth E., Oberlander, Tim F.·2006·American Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1026

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Abstract

Objective: Internalizing behaviors in children between 4 and 5 years of age who had been prenatally exposed to psychotropic medications were investigated. The authors had previously reported the effects of prenatal medication exposure in this same cohort when they were newborns and infants at 3 and 8 months of age. Method: Parental/teacher reports and a clinical measure of mother and child interactions were used to assess levels of internalizing behaviors (e.g., depression, anxiety, withdrawal). Outcomes were compared between children with prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure (N=22) and nonexposed children of healthy, nondepressed, nonmedicated mothers (N=14). Measures of maternal mood were obtained. Ordered logistic regressions, independent-sample t tests, and univariate ANOVAs were used to compare outcomes between groups. Pearson correlations were used to determine associations between maternal mood and child behaviors. Results: Levels of internalizing behaviors did not differ significantly between children with prenatal psychotropic medication exposure and those not exposed. However, as symptoms of maternal anxiety and depression increased, so did reported internalizing behaviors in their children. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications was not associated with increased reports of internalizing behaviors at 4 years of age, whereas impaired maternal mood did have an identified impact on child behavior. Further study of complex associations between maternal psychiatric disorders, prenatal SSRI exposure, and childhood internalizing behaviors is required to understand if the child outcome is affected by the illness, medications, or a combination of both.

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Authors: Misri, S., Reebye, P., Kendrick, K., Carter, D., Ryan, D., Grunau, R. E., & Oberlander, T. F.
Affiliations: St. Paul's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author: Misri, Shaila
ORCID: Carter, Diana
Oberlander, Tim F.
Venue: American Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 2006-06
Volume: 163
Issue: 6
Pages: 1026-1032
ISSN: 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
1535-7228
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1026
OpenAlex: W1989830600
Cited by: 207
References: 18
Citations by year: 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 11.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
Keywords: internalizing problems, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, maternal depression, maternal anxiety, maternal mood, child behavior, preschool children, mother-child interaction, maternal mental illness
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Psychotropic Drugs, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Child of Impaired Parents, Maternal Exposure

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Internalizing Behaviors in 4-Year-Old Children Exposed in Utero to Psychotropic Medications

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