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White Matter Microstructure and Atypical Visual Orienting in 7-Month-Olds at Risk for Autism
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine whether specific patterns of oculomotor functioning and visual orienting characterize 7-month-old infants who later meet criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to identify the neural correlates of these behaviors. METHOD Data were collected from 97 infants, of whom 16 were high-familial-risk infants later classified as having an ASD, 40 were high-familial-risk infants who did not later meet ASD criteria (high-risk negative), and 41 were low-risk infants. All infants underwent an eye-tracking task at a mean age of 7 months and a clinical assessment at a mean age of 25 months. Diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for 84 of the infants at 7 months. Primary outcome measures included average saccadic reaction time in a visually guided saccade procedure and radial diffusivity (an index of white matter organization) in fiber tracts that included corticospinal pathways and the splenium and genu of the corpus callosum. RESULTS Visual orienting latencies were longer in 7-month-old infants who expressed ASD symptoms at 25 months compared with both high-risk negative infants and low-risk infants. Visual orienting latencies were uniquely associated with the microstructural organization of the splenium of the corpus callosum in low-risk infants, but this association was not apparent in infants later classified as having an ASD. CONCLUSIONS Flexibly and efficiently orienting to salient information in the environment is critical for subsequent cognitive and social-cognitive development. Atypical visual orienting may represent an early prodromal feature of an ASD, and abnormal functional specialization of posterior cortical circuits directly informs a novel model of ASD pathogenesis.
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“Our findings are consistent with reports of subtle motor differences at 6–7 months with respect to head control [13], lower activity level [52], and saccadic reaction times [9] among infants who go on to develop ASD.”
From Behavioral, cognitive, and adaptive development in infants with autism spectrum disorder in the first 2 years of life (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
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Sorted by citations
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Jure, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.01029 · Cited by 38
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“Specifically, emergent social cognition is associated with white matter microstructure (Elison et al., 2013) and the structural and functional network architectures of the developing ‘social brain’ are shaped by early life experience (Elison et al., 2013), which are altered in neonates, children…”
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Self-citationNeural correlates of polygenic risk score for autism spectrum disorders in general population
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“In addition, subthreshold autistic traits have been observed in unaffected siblings and family members of people with ASD (Constantino et al., 2010; Hazlett et al., 2012, 2017; Elison et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAyoub, M. J., Keegan, L., Tager-Flusberg, H. B., & Gill, S. V. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12050602 · Cited by 34
“Although visual orientation latencies were longer in HR+ infants, there was no association between these latencies and the microstructure of the splenium of the corpus callosum— this association was only found in LR infants [48].”
BackgroundClairmont, C. D., Wang, J., Tariq, S., Sherman, H. T., Zhao, M., & Kong, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.812946 · Cited by 31
White matter as a monitoring biomarker for neurodevelopmental disorder intervention studies
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“In other work by the same group, Elison and colleagues found that infants that went on to have ASD also showed abnormal visual orienting [15], a foundational skill for early attention that may have cascading effects on joint attention and early language acquisition [67].”
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The Cambridge Handbook of Infant Development
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The Relationship Between Fine Motor Skills and Social Development and Maturation
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“, 2013 (44) 97(56, 41) 7–25 DTI Visual orienting and white matter organization in fiber tracts of the corticospinal pathways and splenium and genu of the CC LR infants US/not reported Longitudinal”
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“…IQ (Benson, Cherny, Haith, & Fulker, 1993), processing speed (Jacobson et al., 1992) as well as white matter changes and ASD diagnosis at 24 (Elison et al., 2013) and 36 months of age (Elsabbagh et al., 2013) Given the great importance to infancy research of measuring SRT, it is necessary…”
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“Moreover, the samples used to construct the ASD classifier have the problem of class imbalance, which causes the classification prediction results to be biased towards the majority class [16, 17].”
MethodEarly Identification and Early Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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“While studies have demonstrated altered development of attention orienting in children with ASD and infants at high-risk to develop ASD (Elison et al. 2013; Elsabbagh et al. 2009; Keehn et al. 2010), none have demonstrated a linear relationship between orienting of attention and social impairments.”
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BackgroundResultBrief social attention bias modification for children with autism spectrum disorder
Alvares, G. A., Chen, N. T. M., Notebaert, L., Granich, J., Mitchell, C., & Whitehouse, A. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2067 · Cited by 28
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BackgroundThe Development of Multisensory Attention Skills
Bahrick, L. E., Lickliter, R., & Todd, J. T. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.011 · Cited by 27
Auditory Attentional Disengagement in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Keehn, B., Kadlaskar, G., Keehn, R. M., & Francis, A. L. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04111-z · Cited by 23
Attentional abilities constrain language development: A cross‐syndrome infant/toddler study
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Social synchronization during joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorder
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Zalla, T., Seassau, M., Cazalis, F., Gras, D., & Leboyer, M. (2016) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316667057 · Cited by 25
“Recently, Elison et al. (2013) examined visual orienting and oculomotor efficiency using the Gap/Overlap paradigms in a large sample of 7-monthold infants, some of whom were later diagnosed with ASD.”
Development of Visual Attention
Oakes, L. M., & Amso, D. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn401 · Cited by 26
Heart rate-defined sustained attention in infants at risk for autism
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“visual orienting (Elison et al., 2013) and motor development (Parikh et al.”
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Self-citationA Six‐Minute Measure of Vocalizations in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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“from a central to a peripheral target, as compared to infants who go on to develop typically (Elison et al. 2013).”
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“Consistent with this hypothesis, low FA values in the splenium of typically developing participants is associated with orienting (Elison et al., 2013; Niogi, Mukherjee, Ghajar, & McCandliss, 2010).”
ResultA statistical framework for the classification of infant DT images
Mostapha, M., Soliman, A., Khalifa, F., Elnakib, A. A., Alansary, A., Nitzken, M., Casanova, M. F., & El-Baz, A. S. (2014) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2014.7025450 · Cited by 17
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Muratori, F., Billeci, L., Calderoni, S., Boncoddo, M., Lattarulo, C., Costanzo, V., Turi, M., Colombi, C., & Narzisi, A. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9120344 · Cited by 17
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ResultImaging the “At-Risk” Brain: Future Directions
Koyama, M. S., Martino, A. D., Castellanos, F. X., Ho, E. J., Marcelle, E. T., LEVENTHAL, B. L., & Milham, M. P. (2016) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715001356 · Cited by 16
“Initial work with brain imaging suggests its potential utility in studying infants at risk (i.e., younger sibling of a child with ASD) (Elison et al., 2013; Wolff et al., 2015, 2012).”
BackgroundAberrant auditory system and its developmental implications for autism
Yu, L., & Wang, S. (2021) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-020-1863-6 · Cited by 18
Psychological Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Sensory sensitivity: Should we consider attention in addition to prediction?
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A group of very preterm children characterized by atypical gaze patterns
Hosozawa, M., Tanaka, K., Shimizu, T., Nakano, T., & Kitazawa, S. (2016) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2016.10.001 · Cited by 17
Annual Research Review: Infant development, autism, and ADHD - early pathways to emerging disorders
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Infant Emotion Development and Temperament
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A voxel-wise assessment of growth differences in infants developing autism spectrum disorder
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Self-citationAutonomic Arousal Response Habituation to Social Stimuli Among Children with Asd
Kaartinen, M., Puura, K., Himanen, S., Nevalainen, J., & Hietanen, J. K. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2908-0 · Cited by 17
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“In children aged 7 months, differences in visual orienting were related to individual differences in white matter microstructure of the splenium of the corpus callosum (33).”
BackgroundZhao, Z., Wei, J., Xing, J., Zhang, X., Qu, X., Hu, X., & Lu, J. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05685-x · Cited by 12
“Since atypical oculomotor performance has been reported in infants later diagnosed as ASD (Elison et al., 2013), it is assumed that oculomotor behavior could help early ASD screening.”
BackgroundLiu, J., Girault, J. B., Nishino, T., Shen, M. D., Kim, S. H., Burrows, C. A., Elison, J. T., Marrus, N. M., Wolff, J. J., Botteron, K. N., et al. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae092 · Cited by 13
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Self-citationVisual Disengagement: Genetic Architecture and Relation to Autistic Traits in the General Population
Sanchez, M. S., Pettersson, E., Kennedy, D. P., Bölte, S., Lichtenstein, P., D'Onofrio, B. M., & Falck‐Ytter, T. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-03974-6 · Cited by 13
“1 3 evidence suggesting that problems with disengagement of attention are present in infancy in individuals who are later diagnosed with the disorder (Elsabbagh et al. 2013; Elison et al. 2013).”
BackgroundResultThe “Primitive Brain Dysfunction” Theory of Autism: The Superior Colliculus Role
Jure, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2022.797391 · Cited by 14
Markfeld, J. E., Feldman, J. I., Bordman, S. L., Daly, C., Santapuram, P., Humphreys, K. L., Keçeli-Kaysılı, B., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00154 · Cited by 15
“…siblings of non-autistic children) in language development as early as 12 months of age (Bryson et al., 2007; Choi, Nelson, et al., 2020; Choi, Shah, et al., 2020; Elison et al., 2013; Hazlett et al., 2017; Meera et al., 2020), regardless of the eventual presence or absence of an autism diagnosis.”
BackgroundKlin, A., & Jones, W. (2015) · International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research · doi:10.6000/1929-6029.2015.04.02.3 · Cited by 11
Wang, X., Chen, Z., Liu, P., Polk, R. J., & Feng, T. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101614 · Cited by 13
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Parent–Infant Interactions
Bornstein, M. H., & Esposito, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.029 · Cited by 12
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Relation Between Event-Related Potential Latency and Saccade Latency in Overt Shifts of Attention
Kulke, L., Atkinson, J., & Braddick, O. (2020) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006620911869 · Cited by 10
“In particular, connections are impaired in some subject groups who struggle with the Fixation Shift Paradigm, for example, people with autism (Elison et al., 2013) and neglect patients (Bartolomeo et al.”
BackgroundA Developmental Social Neuroscience Perspective on Infant Autism Interventions
Dawson, G., Rieder, A. D., & Johnson, M. H. (2023) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-042753 · Cited by 14
“An association between visual-orienting latencies and white matter organization along corticospinal pathways, splenium, and corpus callosum has been reported for 7-month-old infants without an autism diagnosis; this association was not found for infants with later autism (Elison et al. 2013a).”
InfluentialSegmentation of Infant Brain Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
Alghamdi, N. S., Taher, F., Kandil, H., Sharafeldeen, A., Elnakib, A. A., Soliman, A., Elnakieb, Y. A., Mahmoud, A. H., Ghazal, M. A., & El-Baz, A. S. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12115377 · Cited by 9
Early Identification of Sensory Processing Difficulties in High-Risk Infants
Flanagan, J. E., Schoen, S. A., & Miller, L. J. (2019) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.028449 · Cited by 9
“Decreasing gaze to another’s eyes (Jones & Klin, 2013) and abnormal visual orienting (Elison et al., 2013) may also be early behaviors associated with ASD.”
BackgroundCiarrusta, J., Dimitrova, R., & McAlonan, G. M. (2020) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.004 · Cited by 8
Sanchez, M. S., Ronald, A., Mason, L., Jones, E. J. H., Bölte, S., & Falck‐Ytter, T. (2021) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101555 · Cited by 9
“The Gap condition in this paradigm is often thought to capture performance of the alerting network (Posner & Petersen, 1990), but also as a measure of oculomotor efficiency (Elison et al., 2013).”
Food for Thought: Machine Learning in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening of Infants
Siddiqui, S., Gunaseelan, L., Shaikh, R., Khan, A., Mankad, D., & Hamid, M. A. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.18721 · Cited by 10
Richards, J. E., & Conte, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.004 · Cited by 12
Successful attentional set-shifting in 2-year-olds with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Smith, H., Carter, A. S., Blaser, E., & Káldy, Z. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213903 · Cited by 11
Taylor, L. J., Maybery, M. T., & Whitehouse, A. (2013) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2013.855262 · Cited by 8
“Adopting a similar neuroimaging technique, Elison et al. (2013) reported associations between the white matter structure of the splenium and visual orienting for typically-developing infants but not for highrisk infants who went on to show behavioural features of ASD.”
MethodTracking the Neurodevelopmental Correlates of Mental State Inference in Early Childhood
Anderson, L. C., Warnell, K. R., Chrabaszcz, J. S., & Redcay, E. (2015) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2015.1119836 · Cited by 8
“, 2013) and social abilities in infancy (Elison et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGaffrey, M. S., Markert, S., & Yu, C. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000796 · Cited by 8
“, 2015), whereas longer latencies to disengage attention from similar stimuli become more apparent at approximately 10–14 months of age (Elison et al., 2013; Elsabbagh et al., 2013).”
BackgroundRachwani, J., Hoch, J. E., & Adolph, K. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.017 · Cited by 9
Sung, S., Fenoglio, A., Wolff, J. J., Schultz, R. T., Botteron, K. N., Dager, S. R., Estes, A. M., Hazlett, H. C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Piven, J., et al. (2022) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13781 · Cited by 8
“These abnormalities in orienting among HR+ infants have been associated with abnormal functional specialization of posterior cortical brain circuits (Elison et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInfant Object Manipulation and Play
Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., & Lockman, J. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.019 · Cited by 8
Sanchez, M. S., Bussu, G., Portugal, A. M., Ronald, A., & Falck‐Ytter, T. (2024) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.14185 · Cited by 7
Girault, J. B., Nishino, T., Talović, M., Nebel, M. B., Reynolds, M., Burrows, C. A., Elison, J. T., Lee, C.-M., Snyder, A. Z., Shen, M. D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09613-9 · Cited by 7
“Given prior work in this sample during infancy [7, 11, 17, 29, 37], and evidence in children and adults [22, 27, 38, 39], we hypothesized that connectivity involving visual networks would be related to ASD behaviors.”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe developing visual system: A building block on the path to autism
Girault, J. B. (2025) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101547 · Cited by 7
“…a major fiber bundle critical to facilitating interhemispheric communication between visual areas (Putnam et al., 2010), is predictive of later ASD diagnosis (Wolff et al., 2017) and differentially related to visual orienting ability in HL-ASD infants compared to TD infants (Elison et al., 2013a).”
InfluentialTakita, H., Shimono, T., Manabe, T., Kuki, I., Amo, K., Togawa, M., & Miki, Y. (2020) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-020-00984-8 · Cited by 7
Infant Vocal Learning and Speech Production
Warlaumont, A. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.022 · Cited by 10
The Development of Infant Feeding
Mennella, J. A., Forestell, C. A., Ventura, A. K., & Fisher, J. O. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.010 · Cited by 7
A CAD system for early diagnosis of autism using different imaging modalities.
Ismail, M. (2016) · doi:10.18297/etd/2599 · Cited by 7
“The DTI tractography in [189] used the same IBIS group, but focused on determining whether specific oculomotor functioning and visual orienting patterns characterize 7-month-old infants diagnosed with the ASD at 24 months and detecting neural associates of their behaviors.”
MethodSacrey, L.-A. R., Zwaigenbaum, L., Brian, J. A., Smith, I. M., Armstrong, V. L., Vaillancourt, T., & Schmidt, L. A. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422001286 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEarly behavioral profiles elucidating vulnerability and resiliency to later ASD outcomes
Landa, R. J., Reetzke, R., Tahseen, M., & Hess, C. R. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000814 · Cited by 6
“, 2019; Libertus, Sheperd, Ross, & Landa, 2014), and in attention and social functions (Bhat, Galloway, & Landa, 2010; Elison et al., 2013; Elsabbagh et al., 2013; Shic, Macari, & Chawarska, 2014).”
Infant Attachment (to Mother and Father) and Its Place in Human Development
Dagan, O., & Sagi‐Schwartz, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.025 · Cited by 6
An Integrated Perspective on Spatio-Temporal Attention and Infant Language Acquisition
Russo, S., Calignano, G., Dispaldro, M., & Valenza, E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041592 · Cited by 6
“Atypical visual orienting (e.g., longer visual latencies) still present at 7 months has indeed been identified as a prodromal feature of Autism Spectrum Syndrome [11]; moreover, a general “sluggish” ability to disengage attention has been found to be related with developmental language disorders (e.g., Developmental D…”
BackgroundWang, B. M., Mills, Z., Jones, H. F., Montgomery, J. M., & Lee, K. Y. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70088 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, atypical visual attention disengagement in infants has been highlighted as a potential early indicator of ASD risk (Bryson et al. 2018; Elison et al. 2013; Elsabbagh et al. 2013; Keehn et al. 2024).”
A cybernetic theory of autism: Autism as a consequence of low trait plasticity
Rogers, M. A., Elison, J. T., Blain, S. D., & DeYoung, C. G. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12804 · Cited by 7
Self-citationSacrey, L.-A. R., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elshamy, Y., Smith, I. M., Brian, J. A., & Wass, S. V. (2023) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2983 · Cited by 6
“Thirdly, autistic children often display “ sticky attention, ” in that they take longer to look away from an object on which they are visually engaged compared to same-aged NT peers (Bryson et al., 2018; Elison et al., 2013; Elsab-bagh et al., 2013; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationUnderstanding and Evaluating the Moral World in Infancy
Hamlin, J. K., & Sitch, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.028 · Cited by 6
Attentional development is altered in toddlers with congenital heart disease
Bonthrone, A. F., Kyriakopoulou, V., Mason, L., Chew, A. T. M., Falconer, S., Kelly, C. J., Simpson, J. M., Pushparajah, K., Johnson, M. H., Edwards, A. D., et al. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12232 · Cited by 3
“Another possibility is that slower initiation of saccades reflects altered information processing (Elison et al., 2013; Kano et al., 2011).”
BackgroundHyde, J., & García‐Rill, E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817992-5.00006-4 · Cited by 4
Mitsven, S. G., Messinger, D. S., Moffitt, J., & Ahn, Y. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.027 · Cited by 6
Markfeld, J. E., Kiemel, Z., Santapuram, P., Bordman, S. L., Pulliam, G., Clark, S. M., Hampton, L. H., Keçeli-Kaysılı, B., Feldman, J. I., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00794 · Cited by 5
Disrupted visual attention relates to cognitive development in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Ali, J. B., Mason, L., Charman, T., Johnson, M. H., Green, J., Garg, S., Jones, E. J. H., Teams, A. T. S. A. E., Agyapong, M., Bazelmans, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09599-4 · Cited by 3
“In later infancy, slower orienting times on visual attention shifting measures and slower change with development have been related to later ASD in toddlerhood [24–26].”
Costanzo, V., Apicella, F., Billeci, L., Mancini, A., Tancredi, R., Beretta, C., Muratori, F., Vivanti, G., & Calderoni, S. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15063288 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Elison, J. T., Paterson, S. J., Wolff, J. J., Reznick, J. S., Sasson, N. J., Gu, H., Botteron, K. N., Dager, S. R., Estes, A. M., Evans, A. C., Gerig, G., Hazlett, H. C., Schultz, R. T., Styner, M., Zwaigenbaum, L., Piven, J., & for the IBIS Network
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 899-908
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC3863364
- OpenAlex
- W2133015692
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 16.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- Pfizer
- National Institutes of Health (HD 03110, EB005149)
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (T32 HD40127, P30 HD03110)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH091645)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U54EB005149)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32-HD-40127, HD055741-S1, P30-HD03110, P30HD003110, T32HD007376, T32HD040127, R01HD055741)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, visual orienting, white matter microstructure, radial diffusivity, splenium of corpus callosum, saccade latency, oculomotor development, familial risk, corticospinal tract, eye tracking, diffusion-weighted imaging, infant development
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Cognition Disorders, Corpus Callosum, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Infant, Male, Nerve Fibers, Neurons, Orientation, Pyramidal Tracts, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Reticular Formation, Saccades, Superior Colliculi, Visual Pathways, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Emotional Intelligence, Leukoencephalopathies
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