Prenatal Expression Patterns of Genes Associated With Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Neurodevelopmental disorders presumably involve events that occur during brain development. The authors hypothesized that neuropsychiatric disorders considered to be developmental in etiology are associated with susceptibility genes that are relatively upregulated during fetal life (i.e., differentially expressed). METHOD: The authors investigated the presence of prenatal expression enrichment of susceptibility genes systematically, as composite gene sets associated with six neuropsychiatric disorders in the microarray-based "BrainCloud" dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transcriptome. RESULTS: Using a fetal/postnatal log2-fold change threshold of 0.5, genes associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders (N=31 genes, p=3.37×10-3), intellectual disability (N=88 genes, p=5.53×10-3), and autism spectrum disorder (N=242 genes, p=3.45×10-4) were relatively enriched in prenatal transcript abundance, compared with the overall transcriptome. Genes associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association studies were not preferentially fetally expressed (N=106 genes, p=0.46), nor were genes associated with schizophrenia by exome sequencing (N=212 genes, p=0.21), but specific genes within copy-number variant regions associated with schizophrenia were relatively enriched in prenatal transcript abundance, and genes associated with schizophrenia by meta-analysis were functionally enriched for some neurodevelopmental processes. In contrast, genes associated with neurodegenerative disorders were significantly underexpressed during fetal life (N=46 genes, p=1.67×10-3). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found evidence for relative prenatal enrichment of putative susceptibility genes for syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Future transcriptome-level association studies should evaluate regions other than the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, at other time points, and incorporate further RNA sequencing analyses.
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Genetic and non-genetic factors and their interaction may act at very early periods of fetal brain development and potentially alter protein or gene expression regulation leading to shared pathways for complex ASD-related phenotypes.
“Recent evidence11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 has also catalyzed the concept that genetic and non-genetic factors and their interaction, may act at very early periods of fetal brain development and potentially alter protein or gene expression regulation leading to shared pathways for complex ASD-related phenotypes.”
From Maternal immune activation dysregulation of the fetal brain transcriptome and relevance to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Birnbaum, R., Jaffe, A. E., Hyde, T. M., Kleinman, J. E., & Weinberger, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weinberger, Daniel R.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 758-767
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC4140692
- OpenAlex
- W2124740086
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH015330)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, susceptibility genes, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, transcriptome, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, copy number variation, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Brain Diseases, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intellectual Disability, Pregnancy, Schizophrenia, Syndrome, Prefrontal Cortex, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcriptome, Exome
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