The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pediatric-Onset and Adult-Onset Separation Anxiety Disorder Across Countries in the World Mental Health Survey
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The age-at-onset criterion for separation anxiety disorder was removed in DSM-5, making it timely to examine the epidemiology of separation anxiety disorder as a disorder with onsets spanning the life course, using cross-country data. METHOD: The sample included 38,993 adults in 18 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess a range of DSM-IV disorders that included an expanded definition of separation anxiety disorder allowing onsets in adulthood. Analyses focused on prevalence, age at onset, comorbidity, predictors of onset and persistence, and separation anxiety-related role impairment. RESULTS: Lifetime separation anxiety disorder prevalence averaged 4.8% across countries (interquartile range [25th-75th percentiles]=1.4%-6.4%), with 43.1% of lifetime onsets occurring after age 18. Significant time-lagged associations were found between earlier separation anxiety disorder and subsequent onset of internalizing and externalizing DSM-IV disorders and conversely between these disorders and subsequent onset of separation anxiety disorder. Other consistently significant predictors of lifetime separation anxiety disorder included female gender, retrospectively reported childhood adversities, and lifetime traumatic events. These predictors were largely comparable for separation anxiety disorder onsets in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood and across country income groups. Twelve-month separation anxiety disorder prevalence was considerably lower than lifetime prevalence (1.0% of the total sample; interquartile range=0.2%-1.2%). Severe separation anxiety-related 12-month role impairment was significantly more common in the presence (42.4%) than absence (18.3%) of 12-month comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Separation anxiety disorder is a common and highly comorbid disorder that can have onset across the lifespan. Childhood adversity and lifetime trauma are important antecedents, and adverse effects on role function make it a significant target for treatment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Recent epidemiological data from 18 countries suggest that separation anxiety disorder is common, significantly impairing, predictive of adult emotional disorders when onset is during childhood, and, conversely, predicted by childhood emotional disorder when onset occurs in adulthood.[88]”
From The Classification of Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorders in the ICD-11: Review: Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorders in ICD-11 (2016) · cites this paper as [88]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Posada, D., & Buckley, T. R. (2004) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150490522304 · Cited by 3,927
Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alhamzawi, A. O., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499 · Cited by 2,640
Self-citation(2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2,521
Self-citationThe global burden of mental disorders: An update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys
Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., Ormel, J., Üstün, T. B., & Wang, P. S. (2009) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00001421 · Cited by 1,895
Self-citationHaro, J. M., Arbabzadeh-Bouchez, S., Brugha, T. S., De Girolamo, G., Guyer, M. E., Jin, R., Lepine, J. P., Mazzi, F., Reneses, B., Vilagut, G., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.196 · Cited by 1,082
Self-citationLogistic regression, survival analysis, and the Kaplan-Meier curve.
Efron, B. (1988) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478612 · Cited by 1,065
Assessing Psychiatric Impairment in Primary Care with the Sheehan Disability Scale
Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/t8em-c8yh-373n-1uwd · Cited by 987
Carr, C. P., Martins, C. M. S., Stingel, A. M., Lemgruber, V. B., & Juruena, M. F. (2013) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000049 · Cited by 802
The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
Kessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2008) · Cited by 747
Self-citationLongitudinal patterns of anxiety from childhood to adulthood: the Great Smoky Mountains Study
Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Shanahan, L., & Costello, E. J. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.017 · Cited by 604
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Pennell B-E, 2008, The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders, 33
- Kessler RC, 2008, The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders, 58
- First MB, 2002, User’s Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders: SCID-I
- Research Triangle Institute, 2009, SUDAAN (Release 10.0.1)
- Kessler RC, 2007, World Psychiatry, 6, 168
- Gonzalez A, 2013, Paediatr Child Health (Oxford), 18, 415
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Craske, M. G., & Stein, M. B. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30381-6 · Cited by 640
Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., Eley, T. C., Milad, M. R., Holmes, A., Rapee, R. M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.24 · Cited by 652
Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: from surveys to nosology and back.
Stein, D. J., Scott, K. M., de Jonge, P., & Kessler, R. C. (2017) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/dstein · Cited by 283
Self-citationEpigenetics at the crossroads between genes, environment and resilience in anxiety disorders
Schiele, M. A., & Domschke, K. (2018) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12423 · Cited by 233
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Ströhle, A., Gensichen, J. S., & Domschke, K. (2018) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0611 · Cited by 194
Metadata
- Authors
- Silove, D., Alonso, J., Bromet, E., Gruber, M., Sampson, N., Scott, K., Andrade, L., Benjet, C., Caldas de Almeida, J. M., De Girolamo, G., de Jonge, P., Demyttenaere, K., Fiestas, F., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., He, Y., Karam, E., Lepine, J.-P., Murphy, S., Villa-Posada, J., Zarkov, Z., & Kessler, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- From the Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit and Ingham Institute, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y..; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Psychological Medicine,...
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2015-07-01
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 647-656
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC5116912
- OpenAlex
- W2161443491
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 20.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r13mh066849-04, 5r01mh069864-04, 5r01mh070884-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R13-MH-066849, R01‐MH070884, U01MH060220, R01‐MH069864)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K05DA015799, R01DA016558)
- Fogarty International Center (R03TW006481)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- separation anxiety disorder, age of onset, prevalence, comorbidities, internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, childhood adversity, lifetime trauma, role impairment, DSM-5, cross-national comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Separation, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Global Health, Comorbidity, Age of Onset, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
