The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Meta-Analysis of 89 Structural MRI Studies in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comparison With Major Depressive Disorder
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of MRI region-of-interest and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because patients have high rates of comorbid depression, an additional objective was to compare the findings to a meta-analysis of MRI studies in depression. METHOD: The MEDLINE database was searched for studies from 1985 through 2016. A total of 113 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in an online database. Of these, 66 were selected for the region-of-interest meta-analysis and 13 for the VBM meta-analysis. The region-of-interest meta-analysis was conducted and compared with a meta-analysis of major depressive disorder. Within the region-of-interest meta-analysis, three subanalyses were conducted that included control groups with and without trauma. RESULTS: In the region-of-interest meta-analysis, patients with PTSD compared with all control subjects were found to have reduced brain volume, intracranial volume, and volumes of the hippocampus, insula, and anterior cingulate. PTSD patients compared with nontraumatized or traumatized control subjects showed similar changes. Traumatized compared with nontraumatized control subjects showed smaller volumes of the hippocampus bilaterally. For all regions, pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g) varied from -0.84 to 0.43, and number of studies from three to 41. The VBM meta-analysis revealed prominent volumetric reductions in the medial prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate. Compared with region-of-interest data from patients with major depressive disorder, those with PTSD had reduced total brain volume, and both disorders were associated with reduced hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analyses revealed structural brain abnormalities associated with PTSD and trauma and suggest that global brain volume reductions distinguish PTSD from major depression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis confirmed, using voxel-based morphometry, that there were prominent volumetric reductions in the mPFC, including the ACC, when examining over 80 different MRI studies in PTSD compared to depression [159].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,840
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.973 · Cited by 1,610
Brain Volumes in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis in Over 18 000 Subjects
Haijma, S. V., Van Haren, N., Cahn, W., Koolschijn, P. C. M. P., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., & Kahn, R. S. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs118 · Cited by 1,012
Gurvits, T. V., Shenton, M. E., Hokama, H., Ohta, H., Lasko, N. B., Gilbertson, M. W., Orr, S. P., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., McCarley, R. W., et al. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00229-6 · Cited by 899
Kempton, M. J., Salvador, Z., Munafò, M. R., Geddes, J. R., Simmons, A., Frangou, S., & Williams, S. C. R. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.60 · Cited by 886
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Duval S, 2000, J Am Stat Assoc, 95, 89
- Sharp S, 1998, Stata Tech Bull, 7, 16
Cited by
Sorted by citations
SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank
Douaud, G., Lee, S., Alfaro-Almagro, F., Arthofer, C., Wang, C., McCarthy, P., Lange, F., Andersson, J. L. R., Griffanti, L., Duff, E., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04569-5 · Cited by 1,646
Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field
Abi‐Dargham, A., Moeller, S. J., Ali, F., DeLorenzo, C., Domschke, K., Horga, G., Jutla, A., Kotov, R., Paulus, M. P., Rubio, J. M., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21078 · Cited by 421
Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD
Alexandra Kredlow, M., Fenster, R. J., Laurent, E. S., Ressler, K. J., & Phelps, E. A. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7 · Cited by 346
“A recent meta-analysis confirmed, using voxel-based morphometry, that there were prominent volumetric reductions in the mPFC, including the ACC, when examining over 80 different MRI studies in PTSD compared to depression [159].”
MethodKundaković, M., & Rocks, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101010 · Cited by 356
Watson, D., Levin‐Aspenson, H. F., Waszczuk, M. A., Conway, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Dretsch, M. N., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Hobbs, K. A., et al. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20943 · Cited by 311
Metadata
- Authors
- Bromis, K., Calem, M., Reinders, A. A. T. S., Williams, S. C. R., & Kempton, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kempton, Matthew J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2018-10-01
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 989-998
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC6169727
- OpenAlex
- W2884899764
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0617-10150)
- Medical Research Council (MR/J008915/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, structural brain abnormalities, brain atrophy, hippocampal volume, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, insula, intracranial volume, trauma exposure, comorbid depression, voxel-based morphometry, region of interest analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Databases, Factual
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
