MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that high levels of cortisol associated with stress have neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in memory. The authors previously showed that patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had deficits in short-term memory. The purpose of this study was to compare the hippocampal volume of patients with PTSD to that of subjects without psychiatric disorder. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the volume of the hippocampus in 26 Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD and 22 comparison subjects selected to be similar to the patients in age, sex, race, years of education, socioeconomic status, body size, and years of alcohol abuse. RESULTS: The PTSD patients had a statistically significant 8% smaller right hippocampal volume relative to that of the comparison subjects, but there was no difference in the volume of other brain regions (caudate and temporal lobe). Deficits in short-term verbal memory as measured with the Wechsler Memory Scale were associated with smaller right hippocampal volume in the PTSD patients only. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with a smaller right hippocampal volume in PTSD that is associated with functional deficits in verbal memory.
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Hippocampal volume can also be correlated with anxiety levels in patients with anxiety disorders.
“Hippocampal volume can also be correlated with anxiety levels in patients with anxiety disorders (Bremner et al, 1995; Stein et al, 1997).”
From Divergent Functional Effects of Sazetidine-A and Varenicline During Nicotine Withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Bremner et al, 1995
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Effects of early adverse experiences on brain structure and function: clinical implications
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“Deficits in verbal short-term memory, as measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale, were associated with decreased right hippocampal volume in these patients (Bremner et al., 1995b).”
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Stress and Loss of Adult Neurogenesis Differentially Reduce Hippocampal Volume
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- Authors
- Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Scott, T. M., Bronen, R. A., Seibyl, J. P., Southwick, S. M., Delaney, R. C., McCarthy, G., Charney, D. S., & Innis, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1995-07-01
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 973-981
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC3233767
- OpenAlex
- W170792860
- Cited by
- 1,610
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 55.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056120)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder, hippocampal volume, hippocampal atrophy, verbal short-term memory, Vietnam combat veterans, hippocampal asymmetry, caudate nucleus, temporal lobe, Wechsler Memory Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Alcoholism, Caudate Nucleus, Combat Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Hippocampus, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Social Class, Temporal Lobe, Wechsler Scales, Comorbidity, Substance-Related Disorders
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