A meta-analysis of structural brain abnormalities in PTSD
Abstract
This series of meta-analyses examined structural abnormalities of the hippocampus and other brain regions in persons with PTSD compared to trauma-exposed and non-exposed control groups. The findings were significantly smaller hippocampal volumes in persons with PTSD compared to controls with and without trauma exposure, but group differences were moderated by MRI methodology, PTSD severity, medication, age and gender. Trauma-exposed persons without PTSD also showed significantly smaller bilateral hippocampal compared to non-exposed controls. Meta-analyses also found significantly smaller left amygdala volumes in adults with PTSD compared to both healthy and trauma-exposed controls, and significantly smaller anterior cingulate cortex compared to trauma-exposed controls. Pediatric samples with PTSD exhibited significantly smaller corpus callosum and frontal lobe volumes compared to controls, but there were no group differences in hippocampal volume. The overall findings suggested a dimensional, developmental psychopathology systems model in which: (1) hippocampal volumetric differences covary with PTSD severity; (2) hippocampal volumetric differences do not become apparent until adulthood; and (3) PTSD is associated with abnormalities in multiple frontal-limbic system structures.
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A meta-analysis of 11 studies found decreased volume within the left amygdala among adults with PTSD compared to healthy adult control groups.
“The meta-analysis on a sample composed of 11 relevant studies pointed out to a decreased volume within the left amygdala among adults with PTSD, as opposed to healthy adult control groups (Karl et al., 2006).”
From Neuroimaging research in posttraumatic stress disorder – Focus on amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (2019) · cites this paper as Karl et al., 2006
Youth may have a higher sensitivity to stimulants to improve excessive involuntary movements.
“implying they may have a higher sensitivity to stimulants to improve excessive involuntary movements”
From Overlapping and differential neuropharmacological mechanisms of stimulants and nonstimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comparative neuroimaging analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Karl et al., 2006
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Neuroimaging genetic approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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“…neuropharmacological alterations were delineated, as youth seen with stimulants showed more reduced neural responses in the right SMA relative to adults, implying they may have a higher sensitivity to stimulants to improve excessive involuntary movements (Carucci et al., 2021; Karl et al., 2006).”
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- Authors
- KARL, A., SCHAEFER, M., MALTA, L., DORFEL, D., ROHLEDER, N., & WERNER, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Corresponding author
- KARL, A
- WERNER, A
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1004-1031
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994547251
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, structural brain abnormalities, hippocampal volume, amygdala volume, anterior cingulate cortex, corpus callosum, frontal lobe volume, trauma exposure, PTSD symptom severity, developmental psychopathology, pediatric PTSD
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Brain, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Chi-Square Distribution
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