Psychiatric Residents' Exposure to the Field of Sleep Medicine: A Survey of Program Directors
Abstract
Psychiatrists have made significant contributions to the sleep field, but over time the visibility of psychiatrists within this field may be decreasing. A brief survey to evaluate sleep education, faculty, resident recruitment trends, and career prospects in sleep medicine for graduating psychiatrists was sent to the 177 directors of U.S. general psychiatric residency programs. Responses were received from 98 (66%). Most programs (82%) offer didactic lectures about sleep. Fifty-two programs (44%) provide a sleep medicine rotation; 10 programs had previously discontinued sleep electives. Most program directors (73%) agreed that sleep medicine was a viable career option for graduating psychiatric residents. Nonetheless, few recent psychiatry graduates have entered the field. Fewer psychiatric residency programs offer sleep electives than in the past, although most still provide didactics. Over time, this decrease in educational opportunities may result in few newly trained psychiatrists entering the sleep field.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is a paucity of information about chronobiology in clinical training programs and professional guidelines for the treatment of BD.
“we believe there is a paucity of information about chronobiology in clinical training programs and professional guidelines for the treatment of BD.”
From Essential Information About Chronobiology and Chronotherapy for the Optimal Care of People With Bipolar Disorders: An Expert Consensus (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
Cites
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440 · see citing works
Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 · Cited by 2,252 · see citing works
Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy
Nishino, S., Ripley, B., Overeem, S., Lammers, G. J., & Mignot, E. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)05582-8 · Cited by 1,776 · see citing works
Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Benca, R. M. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080059010 · Cited by 1,468 · see citing works
Sleep complaints and depression in an aging cohort: a prospective perspective
Roberts, R. E., Shema, S. J., Kaplan, G. A., & Strawbridge, W. J. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.81 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Mahowald, M. W., & Schenck, C. H. (1996) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70280-2 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Derderian, L. C. S. S., Bridenbaugh, C. R. H., & Rajagopal, L. C. K. R. (1988) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.94.5.1023 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Sleep in psychiatric disorders
Benca, R. M. (1996) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70283-8 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Pathophysiology and Management of Insomnia During Depression
Kupfer, D. J. (1999) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1023/a:1022321731612 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Effects of Antidepressants on Sleep: A Review
Gursky, J. T. (2000) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1093/hrp/8.6.298 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Anxiety in medical situations: Adult cancer patients
Schag, C. A. C., & Heinrich, R. L. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
SLEEP DISORDERS PRESENTING AS PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Reite, M. (1998) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70025-3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Taylor, M. P., Reynolds, C. F., Frank, E., Dew, M. A., Mazumdar, S., Houck, P. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1999) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-199902000-00006 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Restless legs syndrome disguised as an affective disorder
Berkowitz, H. L. (1984) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(84)73051-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Crouse, J. J., Loblay, V., Jorm, A., Wong, T. R., de Haan, Z., Gorban, C., Shin, M., Tonini, E., Aiken, C., Alloy, L. B., et al. (2026) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.70141 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Extrapolating from the sleep medicine literature [34, 40, 56, 57] and our anecdotal experience, we believe there is a paucity of information about chronobiology in clinical training programs and professional guidelines for the treatment of BD.”
- Authors
- Krahn, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krahn, L. E.
- Venue
- Academic Psychiatry
- Published
- 2002-12-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 253-256
- ISSN
- 1042-9670 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W244492536
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academic Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Keywords
- sleep medicine, psychiatry residency, sleep medicine education, residency recruitment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review