Systematic review of neuroimaging correlates of executive functioning: converging evidence from different clinical populations
Open accessAbstract
Executive functioning (EF) is an important cognitive domain that is negatively affected in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. Neuroimaging methods have led to insights into the anatomical and functional nature of EF. The authors conducted a systematic review of the recent cognitive and neuroimaging literature to investigate how the neuroimaging correlates of EF compare between different diagnostic groups. The authors found that the frontal, parietal, and cerebellar lobes were most frequently associated with EF when comparing results from different clinical populations; the occipital lobe was not correlated with EF in any group. These findings suggest that individual disease processes affect circuits within an identifiable distributed network rather than isolated regions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The brain structures reduced in size in Down syndrome are responsible for executive function (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum) and declarative memory (hippocampus).
“For example, the brain structures that are reduced in size in DS are the structures that are responsible for executive function (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum) (Nowrangi et al., 2014) and memory – specifically declarative memory (hippocampus) (Scoville and Milner, 1957; Squire and Zolamorgan, 1991; Bliss and Collingridge, 1993).”
From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Nowrangi et al., 2014
Thalamocortical circuits, and most circuits connecting deep brain structures to cortex, are inhibitory.
“thalamocortical circuits (and indeed most circuits connecting deep brain structures to cortex) are inhibitory (Nowrangi et al., 2014)”
From Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits? (2015) · cites this paper as Nowrangi et al., 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798 · see citing works
The proof and measurement of association between two things
Spearman, C. (1904) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412159 · Cited by 8,039 · see citing works
The reorienting system of the human brain: from environment to theory of mind
Corbetta, M., Patel, G., & Shulman, G. L. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.017 · Cited by 3,889 · see citing works
Emotion, Decision Making and the Orbitofrontal Cortex
Bechara, A. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.295 · Cited by 3,589 · see citing works
Debette, S., & Markus, H. S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c3666 · Cited by 2,328 · see citing works
Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man
Owen, A. M., Downes, J. J., Sahakian, B. J., Polkey, C. E., & Robbins, T. W. (1990) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90137-d · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET
Jonides, J. J., Smith, E. E., Koeppe, R. A., Awh, E., Minoshima, S., & Mintun, M. A. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/363623a0 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
The proof and measurement of association between two things. By C. Spearman, 1904.
Spearman, C. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
The Proof and Measurement of Association between Two Things
Spearman, C. (1987) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422689 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments
Nisbett, R. E., Aronson, J., Blair, C., Dickens, W., Flynn, J., Halpern, D. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2012) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0026699 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Modelling neural correlates of working memory: A coordinate-based meta-analysis
Rottschy, C., Langner, R., Dogan, I., Reetz, K., Laird, A. R., Schulz, J. B., Fox, P. T., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.050 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Petrides, M., Alivisatos, B., Meyer, E., & Evans, A. C. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.3.878 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
The Abilities of Man their Nature and Measurement
(1927) · Nature · doi:10.1038/120181a0 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex
Manes, F., Sahakian, B., Clark, L., Rogers, R., Antoun, N., Aitken, M., & Robbins, T. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf049 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Royall, D. R., Lauterbach, E. C., Cummings, J. L., Reeve, A., Rummans, T. A., Kaufer, D., LaFrance, W. C., Jr., & Coffey, C. E. (2002) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.14.4.377 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Cotter, D., Mackay, D., Landau, S., Kerwin, R., & Everall, I. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.545 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury
Kinnunen, K. M., Greenwood, R., Powell, J. H., Leech, R., Hawkins, P. C. T., Bonnelle, V., Patel, M. C., Counsell, S. J., & Sharp, D. J. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq347 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Cotter, D. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.4.386 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Anterior Attentional Functionsa
Stuss, D. T., Shallice, T., ALEXANDER, M. P., & Picton, T. W. (1995) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38140.x · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Marshall, G. A., Rentz, D. M., Frey, M., Locascio, J. J., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2011) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.04.005 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Using fMRI to decompose the neural processes underlying the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Lie, C., Specht, K., Marshall, J. C., & Fink, G. R. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.031 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Barbey, A., Colom, R., Solomon, J., Krueger, F., Forbes, C. E., & Grafman, J. (2012) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/aws021 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Neural correlates of executive function in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Schmitz, N., Rubia, K., Daly, E., Smith, A., Williams, S., & Murphy, D. G. M. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.007 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Verbal and design fluency in patients with frontal lobe lesions
BALDO, J. V., SHIMAMURA, A. P., DELIS, D. C., KRAMER, J., & KAPLAN, E. (2001) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617701755063 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Cahn, D. A., Boyle, P. A., & Malloy, P. F. (2002) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an0903_8 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Both random and perseverative errors underlie WCST deficits in prefrontal patients
Barceló, F., & Knight, R. T. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00110-5 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
The cerebral correlates of set-shifting: an fMRI study of the trail making test
Moll, J., Oliveira-Souza, R. D., Moll, F. T., Bramati, I. E., & Andreiuolo, P. A. (2002) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2002000600002 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Executive Function, Neural Circuitry, and Genetic Mechanisms in Schizophrenia
Eisenberg, D., & Berman, K. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.111 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Dissociable Contributions of Left and Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Planning
Kaller, C. P., Rahm, B., Spreer, J., Weiller, C., & Unterrainer, J. M. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq096 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Towers of Hanoi and London: Contribution of Working Memory and Inhibition to Performance
Welsh, M. C., Satterlee-Cartmell, T., & Stine, M. (1999) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1123 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Champod, A. S., & Petrides, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607101104 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Everyday functioning in mild cognitive impairment and its relationship with executive cognition
Aretouli, E., & Brandt, J. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2325 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Eslinger, P. J., Moore, P., Anderson, C., & Grossman, M. (2011) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.23.1.74 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume Correlates with Duration of Cocaine Use in Cocaine-Dependent Subjects
Sim, M., Lyoo, I. K., Streeter, C. C., Covell, J., Sarid‐Segal, O., Ciraulo, D. A., Kim, M. J., Kaufman, M. J., Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., & Renshaw, P. F. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301346 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Structural brain correlates of response inhibition in Bipolar Disorder I
Haldane, M., Cunningham, G., Androutsos, C., & Frangou, S. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107082955 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Takahashi, H., Kato, M., Takano, H., Arakawa, R., Okumura, M., Otsuka, T., Kodaka, F., Hayashi, M., Okubo, Y., Ito, H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3446-08.2008 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Baillieux, H., Smet, H. J. D., Dobbeleir, A. A., Paquier, P. F., Deyn, P. P. D., & Mariën, P. (2009) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.002 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Frontal lobe structure and executive function in migraine patients
Schmitz, N., Arkink, E. B., Mulder, M., Rubia, K., Behloul, F., Schoonman, G., Kruit, M. C., Ferrari, M. D., & van Buchem, M. A. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.033 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Modelling prefrontal cortex deficits in schizophrenia: implications for treatment
Pratt, J. A., Winchester, C. L., Egerton, A., Cochran, S., & Morris, B. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.24 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Nestor, L. J., Ghahremani, D. G., Monterosso, J. R., & London, E. D. (2011) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.04.010 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Dickerson, B. C., Wolk, D. A., & Initiative, T. A. D. N. (2010) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.199505 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease
Chen, S. T., Sultzer, D. L., Hinkin, C. H., Mahler, M. E., & Cummings, J. L. (1998) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.10.4.426 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Attentional set shifting modulates the target P3b Response in the Wisconsin card sorting test
Barceló, F., Muñoz-Céspedes, J. M., Pozo, M. A., & Rubia, F. J. (2000) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00046-4 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Chang, Y.-L., Jacobson, M. W., Fennema-Notestine, C., Hagler, D. J., Jennings, R. G., Dale, A. M., McEvoy, L. K., & Initiative, A. A. D. N. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp192 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Geschwind, D. H., Robidoux, J., Alarcón, M., Miller, B. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Cummings, J. L., & Nasreddine, Z. S. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10024 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The neurobiology of cognitive control in successful cocaine abstinence
Connolly, C. G., Foxe, J. J., Nierenberg, J. J., Shpaner, M., & Garavan, H. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.007 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Schall, U., Johnston, P., Lagopoulos, J., Jüptner, M., Jentzen, W., Thienel, R., Dittmann-Balçar, A., Bender, S., & Ward, P. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00338-0 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Executive deficits are related to the inferior frontal junction in early dementia
Schroeter, M. L., Vogt, B., Frisch, S., Becker, G., Barthel, H., Mueller, K., Villringer, A., & Sabri, O. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr311 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Relationship between regional atrophy rates and cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment
McDonald, C. R., Gharapetian, L., McEvoy, L. K., Fennema‐Notestine, C., Hagler, D. J., Holland, D., & Dale, A. M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.015 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI subtypes: the importance of executive dysfunction
Rosenberg, P. B., Mielke, M. M., Appleby, B. S., Oh, E. S., Leoutsakos, J., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2010) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2535 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, J., & Auchus, A. P. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1379.021 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Structural correlates of cognitive domains in normal aging with diffusion tensor imaging
Sasson, E., Doniger, G. M., Pasternak, O., Tarrasch, R., & Assaf, Y. (2011) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-011-0344-7 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Clinical‐neuroimaging characteristics of dysexecutive mild cognitive impairment
Pa, J., Boxer, A. L., Chao, L. L., Gazzaley, A. H., Freeman, K. M., Kramer, J. H., Miller, B. L., Weiner, M. W., Neuhaus, J. M., & Johnson, J. K. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21591 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Teipel, S. J., Willoch, F., Ishii, K., Bürger, K., Drzezga, A. E., Engel, R. R., Bartenstein, P., Møller, H. J., Schwaiger, M., & Hampel, H. J. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.015 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Chen, T., Chen, Y., Cheng, T., Hua, M., Liu, H., & Chiu, M. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20810 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Jacobs, H. I. L., Visser, P. J., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Frisoni, G. B., Tsolaki, M., Papapostolou, P., Nobili, F. M., Wahlund, L., Minthon, L., Frölich, L., et al. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.07.015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Ueda, H., Kitabayashi, Y., Narumoto, J., et al. (2002) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2002.00940.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Frontal White Matter Integrity in Borderline Personality Disorder With Self-Injurious Behavior
Grant, J. E., Correia, S., Brennan-Krohn, T., Malloy, P. F., Laidlaw, D. H., & Schulz, S. C. (2007) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2007.19.4.383 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Functional correlates of distractor suppression during spatial working memory encoding
Toepper, M., Gebhardt, H., Beblo, T., Thomas, C., Drießen, M., Bischoff, M., Blecker, C. R., Vaitl, D., & Sammer, G. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.019 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Neural correlates of set-shifting: decomposing executive functions in schizophrenia
Wilmsmeier, A., Ohrmann, P., Suslow, T., Siegmund, A., Koelkebeck, K., Rothermundt, M., Kugel, H., Arolt, V., Bauer, J., & Pedersen, A. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.090181 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The developmental course of executive functioning in schizophrenia
Freedman, D., & Brown, A. S. (2010) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.11.003 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Vascular cognitive impairment: epidemiology, subtypes, diagnosis and management
Black, S. E. (2011) · The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · doi:10.4997/jrcpe.2011.121 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Assessment in Traumatic Brain Injury
Podell, K., Gifford, K. A., Bougakov, D., & Goldberg, E. (2010) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.08.003 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical correlates of executive dysfunction in the at-risk mental state for psychosis
Koutsouleris, N., Patschurek‐Kliche, K., Scheuerecker, J., Decker, P., Ronald Bottlender, A., Schmitt, G., Rujescu, D., Giegling, I., Christian Gaser, B., Reiser, M. F., et al. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.026 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Function and Cardiovascular Disease
Waldstein, S. R., & Wendell, C. R. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091591 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging of cognition in preclinical Huntington's disease
Wolf, R. C., Sambataro, F., Vasić, N., et al. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Non-frontal P3b-like activity evoked by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Barceló, F., & Rubia, F. J. (1998) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199803090-00034 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Functional MRI correlates of visuospatial planning in out-patient depression and anxiety
van Tol, M., van der Wee, N. J. A., Demenescu, L. R., Nielen, M. M. A., Aleman, A., Renken, R. J., van Buchem, M. A., Zitman, F. G., & Veltman, D. J. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01702.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chang, C. C., Lee, Y. C., Chang, W. N., et al. (2009) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0619 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Multimodal surface-based morphometry reveals diffuse cortical atrophy in traumatic brain injury.
Turken, A. U., Herron, T. J., Kang, X., et al. (2009) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/1471-2342-9-20 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Fine, E., Delis, D., Dean, D., Beckman, V., Miller, B., Rosen, H., & Kramer, J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390802419017 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Functional imaging of cognition in Alzheimer's disease using positron emission tomography
Salmon, É., Lekeu, F., Bastin, C., Garraux, G., & Collette, F. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.022 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cerebellar deficits in schizophrenia are associated with executive dysfuntion
Segarra, N., Bernardo, M., Valdes, M., Caldú, X., Falcón, C., Rami, L., Bargalló, N., Parramon, G., & Junqué, C. (2008) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283108bd8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Distinct profiles of brain and cognitive changes in the very old with Alzheimer disease
Stricker, N. H., Chang, Y., Fennema‐Notestine, C., Delano‐Wood, L., Salmon, D. P., Bondi, M. W., Dale, A. M., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31822b0004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sjöbeck, M., Elfgren, C., Larsson, E., Brockstedt, S., Lätt, J., Englund, E. M., & Passant, U. (2009) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2009.03.014 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Frontal systems impairment in major depression.
Royall, D. R. (1999) · PubMed · doi:10.1053/scnp00400013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Eslinger, P. J., Moore, P., Anderson, C., et al. (2011) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.23.1.jnp74 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Clinical Rating of Cortical Atrophy and Cognitive Correlates Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Bergeson, A. G., Lundin, R., Parkinson, R. B., Tate, D. F., Victoroff, J., Hopkins, R. O., & Bigler, E. D. (2004) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/1385404049052414 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lyketsos, C. G. (2006) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2006.18.4.445 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebral area essential to consciousness.
Gn, T. (1951) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of Executive Dysfunction in Prodromal and Manifest Alzheimer’s Disease
Hunt, A. M., Haberkorn, U., Schröder, J., & Schönknecht, P. (2011) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000038 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: what might be associated brain circuits?
Rosenberg, P. B., Nowrangi, M. A., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2015.05.005 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationStrong genetic overlap between executive functions and intelligence.
Engelhardt, L. E., Mann, F. D., Briley, D. A., Church, J. A., Harden, K. P., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000195 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Cheng, C.-M., Juan, C.-H., Chen, M.-H., Chang, C.-F., Lu, H. J., Su, T.-P., Lee, Y.-C., & Li, C.-T. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.11.009 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models
Klein, J. A., & Haydar, T. F. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.941855 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“For example, the brain structures that are reduced in size in DS are the structures that are responsible for executive function (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum) (Nowrangi et al., 2014) and memory – specifically declarative memory (hippocampus) (Scoville and Milner, 1957; Squire and Zolamorgan, 1991; Bliss…”
BackgroundThe relation between children’s aerobic fitness and executive functions: A systematic review
Van Waelvelde, H., Vanden Wyngaert, K., Mariën, T., Baeyens, D., & Calders, P. (2020) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2163 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ali, D. G., Abner, E. L., Bahrani, A. A., El Khouli, R., Gold, B. T., Jiang, Y., Wilcock, D. M., & Jicha, G. A. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13020218 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nowrangi, M. A., Lyketsos, C., Rao, V., & Munro, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 114-125
- ISSN
- 0895-0172 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7222
- PMC
- PMC5171230
- OpenAlex
- W2139482163
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropsychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P50AG005146, T32AG027668)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- executive function, neuroimaging correlates, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, cerebellum, occipital lobe, distributed neural networks, neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Databases, Factual, Executive Function, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
