The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Timeliness of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and Use of Services Among U.S. Elementary School–Aged Children
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the relationship of timeliness of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis with current use of ASD-related services in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control's (CDC's) Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services was used to assess experiences of 722 children ages six to 11 with ASD. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore associations between age at ASD diagnosis and delay in ASD diagnosis and use of health services. Health services included current use of behavioral intervention (BI) therapy, school-based therapy, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and psychotropic medications. RESULTS: Mean age at ASD diagnosis was 4.4 years, and mean diagnostic delay was 2.2 years. In adjusted analysis, older age at diagnosis (≥4 versus <4) was associated with lower likelihood of current BI or school-based therapy use and higher likelihood of current psychotropic medication use. Analyses that treated age at diagnosis as a continuous variable found that likelihood of current psychotropic medication use increased with older age at diagnosis. A delay of two or more years between parents' first discussion of concerns with a provider and ASD diagnosis was associated with higher likelihood of current CAM use. Likelihood of current CAM use increased as delay in diagnosis became longer. CONCLUSIONS: Both older age at diagnosis and longer delay in diagnosis were associated with different health services utilization patterns among younger children with ASD. Prompt and early diagnosis may be associated with increased use of evidence-based therapies for ASD.
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“Early diagnosis and treatment have been linked to greater reduction in the core symptoms of ASD, higher likelihood of receiving behavioral therapy, and a reduction in the use of psychotropic medication.”
From Tackling healthcare access barriers for individuals with autism from diagnosis to adulthood (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
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Tackling healthcare access barriers for individuals with autism from diagnosis to adulthood
Malik-Soni, N., Shaker, A., Luck, H., Mullin, A. E., Wiley, R. E., Lewis, M. E. S., Fuentes, J., & Frazier, T. W. (2022) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-021-01465-y · Cited by 309
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RetractedTreatment patterns in children with autism in the United States
Monz, B. U., Houghton, R., Law, K., & Loss, G. J. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2070 · Cited by 94
Barriers to early identification of autism in Brazil
Ribeiro, S. H. B., Paula, C. S., Bordini, D., Mari, J. D. J., & Caetano, S. C. (2017) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2141 · Cited by 87
Hosozawa, M., Sacker, A., Mandy, W., Midouhas, E., Flouri, E., & Cable, N. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320913671 · Cited by 73
“Early identification is essential to improve their prognosis through timely intervention (Dawson, 2008; Zuckerman et al., 2017) and adequate support at school and at home (Reed & Osborne, 2012; Ruiz Calzada et al., 2012).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Zuckerman, K., Lindly, O. J., & Chavez, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Oregon State University (US)
- Venue
- Psychiatric Services
- Published
- 2017-01-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-40
- ISSN
- 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
- 1075-2730
- 1557-9700
- PMC
- PMC5205571
- OpenAlex
- W2495737468
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH095828)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, delayed diagnosis, age at diagnosis, behavioral interventions, school-based treatment, complementary and alternative medicine, psychotropic drugs, early diagnosis, elementary school students
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Complementary Therapies, Behavior Therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Child, Child Health Services, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotropic Drugs, School Health Services, United States, Health Care Surveys, Delayed Diagnosis
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