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Brain Effects of TMS Delivered Over Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adults: Role of Stimulation Frequency and Coil–Cortex Distance
Abstract
Relative regional brain blood flow was measured in 23 clinically depressed adults by using ECD SPECT at baseline and again during actual prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) following 5 daily sessions of TMS. TMS over prefrontal cortex caused increased activity in cortex directly under the stimulation (inversely correlated with distance from scalp to cortex) and decreased activity in remote regions (anterior cingulate and anterior temporal poles). High-frequency rTMS (20 Hz) caused more relative flow immediately below the TMS coil than did low-frequency rTMS (5 Hz). Confirming the hypotheses tested, repeated daily TMS over the prefrontal cortex in medication-free depressed adults appears to change both local and remote blood flow in a manner that may also depend on the frequency of stimulation and coil to outer cortex distance.
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Cites
Long-Term Potentiation--A Decade of Progress?
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Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416
Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Malenka, R. C., Kauer, J. A., Perkel, D. J., & Nicoll, R. A. (1989) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89)90094-5 · Cited by 275
Cited by
Rossi, S., Antal, A., Bestmann, S., Bikson, M., Brewer, C., Brockmöller, J., Carpenter, L. L., Cincotta, M., Chen, R., Daskalakis, J. D., et al. (2021) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003 · Cited by 1,573
Self-citationPell, G. S., Roth, Y., & Zangen, A. (2011) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.10.003 · Cited by 406
Using brain imaging to improve spatial targeting of transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression
Cash, R. F. H., Weigand, A., Zalesky, A., Siddiqi, S. H., Downar, J., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Fox, M. D. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.033 · Cited by 366
Lisanby, S. H., Husain, M. M., Rosenquist, P. B., Maixner, D., Gutierrez, R., Krystal, A., Gilmer, W., Marangell, L. B., Aaronson, S., Daskalakis, Z. J., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.118 · Cited by 333
Self-citationAssessing cortical network properties using TMS–EEG
Rogasch, N. C., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22016 · Cited by 280
Metadata
- Authors
- Nahas, Z., Teneback, C. C., Kozel, A., Speer, A. M., DeBrux, C., Molloy, M., Stallings, L., Spicer, K. M., Arana, G., Bohning, D. E., Risch, S. C., & George, M. S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 459-470
- ISSN
- 0895-0172 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7222
- OpenAlex
- W2138804172
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Brain Effects of TMS Delivered Over Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adults: Role of Stimulation Frequency and Coil–Cortex Distance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1176/jnp.13.4.459
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- Nahas, Z., Teneback, C. C., Kozel, A., Speer, A. M., DeBrux, C., Molloy, M., Stallings, L., Spicer, K. M., Arana, G., Bohning, D. E., Risch, S. C., & George, M. S. (2001). Brain Effects of TMS Delivered Over Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adults: Role of Stimulation Frequency and Coil–Cortex Distance. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.13.4.459
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
