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Screening for Complicated Grief Among Project Liberty Service Recipients 18 Months After September 11, 2001
Abstract
Objective The authors surveyed a sample of Project Liberty crisis counseling recipients approximately 1.5 years after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, to determine the proportion of respondents who screened positive for complicated grief, a recently identified condition marked by symptoms of continuing separation distress and accompanying bereavement-related traumatic distress. Methods A total of 149 service recipients drawn from eight high-volume providers responded to a telephone survey that included questions to screen for complicated grief. Results Approximately half of the recipients knew someone who had been killed in the attacks. Of those recipients, 44 percent screened positive for complicated grief. Individuals who lost a family member were more likely than those who lost an acquaintance to screen positive for complicated grief. Positive screens were associated with functional impairment independent of the presence of symptoms consistent with full or subthreshold major depression or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thirty-two percent of those who screened positive for complicated grief did not meet even subthreshold criteria for major depression or PTSD. Conclusions Results affirmed the importance of complicated grief as a unique condition and indicated the need to attend to the psychological consequences of bereavement in disaster-related mental health services.
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“Two studies (Neria et al., 2007;Shear et al., 2006) used selfconstructed questionnaires based on criteria of PGD.”
From The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved individuals following unnatural losses: Systematic review and meta regression analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Shear et al., 2006
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Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Dr, Shear is affiliated with the Columbia University School of Social Work, and the Department of Psychiatry
- posttraumatic stress disorder
- This, Project Liberty: Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program") to New York State from the Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Herman D, 2002, Felton C: Rates and Treatment Costs of Mental Disorders Stemming From the World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks: An Initial Needs Assessment
- Project Liberty Crisis Counseling, 2001, Regular Services Program Application. FEMA-1391-DR-NY
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shear, K. M., Jackson, C. T., Essock, S. M., Donahue, S. A., & Felton, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- ORCID
- Jackson, Carlos T.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Services
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1291-1297
- ISSN
- 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
- 1075-2730
- 1557-9700
- OpenAlex
- W2110688347
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Center for Mental Health Services
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- complicated grief, September 11 attacks, crisis counseling, bereavement, separation distress, functional disability, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, disaster mental health services
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bereavement, Community Mental Health Services, Crisis Intervention, Cross-Sectional Studies, Demography, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Freedom, Grief, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, New York City, Referral and Consultation, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, September 11 Terrorist Attacks
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