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Cited by 76Mental Health Treatment and AccessMigration, Health and TraumaAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a diverse urban community

Gwynn, R. Charon, McQuistion, Hunter L., McVeigh, Katharine H., Garg, Renu K., Frieden, Thomas R., Thorpe, Lorna E.·2008·Psychiatric Services
DOI 10.1176/ps.2008.59.6.641
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Abstract

Objective This study assessed the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among New York City adults.Methods As part of the first community-specific Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States, depression and anxiety were assessed in a representative sample of 1,817 noninstitutionalized adults in 2004.Results A total of 8% had major depressive disorder and 4% had generalized anxiety disorder. Respondents with depression were more likely to be formerly married, publicly insured, younger, and U.S. born. Only 55% of adults with depression were diagnosed, and 38% of those with depression or anxiety were in treatment; individuals with a diagnosis of depression were more likely to receive treatment than those without a diagnosis (61% versus 7%; p<.001). Immigrants with depression were 60% less likely to be diagnosed than their U.S.-born counterparts; immigrants arriving in this country ten or more years ago had slightly more anxiety than immigrants arriving less than ten years ago (3% versus 2%, not significant). Among respondents with anxiety, 23% reported disability compared with 15% of those with depression. Compared with adults with neither diagnosis, adults with depression or anxiety were twice as likely to smoke tobacco (p<.05), adults with depression were twice as likely to have diabetes (p<.01), and those with anxiety were twice as likely to have asthma (p<.01).Conclusions Mental disorders are often disabling and inadequately diagnosed and treated. Foreign-born adults experience barriers to diagnosis and treatment despite having less depression; anxiety may increase with time since immigration. Increased awareness of and linkage to mental health services are needed, especially in larger, more diverse urban communities.

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Authors
Gwynn, R. C., McQuistion, H. L., McVeigh, K. H., Garg, R. K., Frieden, T. R., & Thorpe, L. E.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (US)
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatric Services
Publisher
American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published
2008-06
Volume
59
Issue
6
Pages
641-647
ISSN
  • 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
  • 1075-2730
  • 1557-9700
DOI
10.1176/ps.2008.59.6.641
OpenAlex
W2134081000
Cited by
76
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
World Health Organization
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, prevalence, underdiagnosis, underutilization of mental health services, immigrants, foreign-born adults, urban population, New York City, tobacco use, disability, access to mental health care
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New York City

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