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How Affirmative Action Became Diversity Management: Employer Response to Antidiscrimination Law, 1961 to 1996
Abstract
How did corporate affirmative action programs become diversity programs? During the 1970s, active federal enforcement of equal employment opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action (AA) law, coupled with ambiguity about the terms of compliance, stimulated employers to hire antidiscrimination specialists to fashion EEO/AA programs. In the early 1980s, the Reagan administration curtailed enforcement, but as Philip Selznick's band of early institutionalists might have predicted, EEO/AA program practices had developed an organizational constituency in EEO/AA specialists and thus survived Reagan's enforcement cutbacks. As John Meyer's band of neoinstitutionalists might have predicted, that constituency collectively retheorized antidiscrimination practices through professional returns in terms of efficiency, using the rhetoric of diversity management..
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Cites
Institutional conditions for diffusion
Strang, D., & Meyer, J. W. (1993) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/bf00993595 · Cited by 2,114
The antecedents of deinstitutionalization
Oliver, C. (1992) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/017084069201300403 · Cited by 1,746
Cited by
Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations
Acker, J. (2006) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243206289499 · Cited by 3,401
From smoke and mirrors to walking the talk: Decoupling in the contemporary world
Bromley, P., & Powell, W. W. (2012) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2012.684462 · Cited by 1,656
Legitimacy as a Social Process
Johnson, C., Dowd, T. J., & Ridgeway, C. L. (2006) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123101 · Cited by 1,027
Operating Room: Relational Spaces and Microinstitutional Change in Surgery
Kellogg, K. C. (2009) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/603535 · Cited by 574
Presumed fair: Ironic effects of organizational diversity structures.
Kaiser, C. R., Major, B., Jurcevic, I., Dover, T. L., Brady, L. M., & Shapiro, J. R. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030838 · Cited by 405
Metadata
- Authors
- KELLY, E., & DOBBIN, F.
- Venue
- American Behavioral Scientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-04
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 960-984
- ISSN
- 0002-7642 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3381
- OpenAlex
- W2024119158
- Cited by
- 633
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- KELLY, E., & DOBBIN, F. (1998). How Affirmative Action Became Diversity Management: Employer Response to Antidiscrimination Law, 1961 to 1996. American Behavioral Scientist. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764298041007008
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
