The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations
Abstract
In this article, the author addresses two feminist issues: first, how to conceptualize intersectionality, the mutual reproduction of class, gender, and racial relations of inequality, and second, how to identify barriers to creating equality in work organizations. She develops one answer to both issues, suggesting the idea of “inequality regimes” as an analytic approach to understanding the creation of inequalities in work organizations. Inequality regimes are the interlocked practices and processes that result in continuing inequalities in all work organizations. Work organizations are critical locations for the investigation of the continuous creation of complex inequalities because much societal inequality originates in such organizations. Work organizations are also the target for many attempts to alter patterns of inequality: The study of change efforts and the oppositions they engender are often opportunities to observe frequently invisible aspects of the reproduction of inequalities. The concept of inequality regimes may be useful in analyzing organizational change projects to better understand why these projects so often fail and why they succeed when this occurs.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color
Crenshaw, K. (1991) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1229039 · Cited by 32,792
The Complexity of Intersectionality
McCall, L. (2005) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/426800 · Cited by 6,682 · cited 1×
“For example, Leslie McCall (2001, 2005), using large data sets, shows how patterns of gender, race, and class inequality vary with the composition of economic activity in various areas of the United States.”
Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
Jackson, S. (1985) · Ufahamu A Journal of African Studies · doi:10.5070/f7143017029 · Cited by 4,441
Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement
Caldwell, V. F., & Crenshaw, K. W. (1996) · Columbia Law Review · doi:10.2307/1123408 · Cited by 3,897
Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams
Barker, J. R. (1993) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393374 · Cited by 2,305
Interaction and the Conservation of Gender Inequality: Considering Employment
Ridgeway, C. L. (1997) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2657301 · Cited by 939
Blessing or Curse?: Work-Family Policies and Mother’s Wage Growth Over Time
Glass, J. (2004) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888404266364 · Cited by 338
Research works printed but not linked: 58
- Acker, 1989, Doing comparable worth: Gender, class and pay equity
- 10.1177/089124390004002002 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/089124391005003008 · DOI
- Acker, 1992, Gendering organizational theory
- 10.1016/0956-5221(94)90015-9 · DOI
- 10.1093/sp/7.2.192 · DOI
- Acker, 2006, Class questions: Feminist answers
- 10.2307/2393886 · DOI
- Adkins, 1995, Gendered work
- 10.1525/9780520938755 · DOI
- Burawoy, 1979, Manufacturing consent
- 10.1515/9781503618183 · DOI · Paper page
- Cockburn, 1985, Machinery of dominance
- 10.1007/978-1-349-21571-3 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/089124395009004006 · DOI
- 10.4135/9781446280102 · DOI · Paper page
- Davis, 1981, Women, race & class
- 10.1177/135050840074005 · DOI · Paper page
- Enarson, 1984, Woods-working women: Sexual integration in the U.S. Forest Service
- Featherstone, 2004, Selling women short: The landmark battle for workers' rights at Wal-Mart
- Fenstermaker, 2002, Doing gender, doing difference: Inequality, power, and institutional change
- Ferguson, 1984, The feminist case against bureaucracy
- Ferree, 1995, Feminist organizations
- Figart, D. M., 2002, Living wages, equal wages
- Forsebäck, 1980, Industrial relations and employment in Sweden
- Glenn, 2002, Unequal freedom: How race and gender shaped American citizenship and labor
- 10.4135/9781446218280 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1743-4580.1997.tb00019.x · DOI · Paper page
- Holvino, 2001, Complicating gender: The simultaneity of race, gender, and class in organization change(ing)
- Hossfeld, 1994, Women of color in U.S. society
- Jacobs, 2004, The time divide: Work, family, and gender inequality
- Joseph, 1981, Women and revolution: The unhappy marriage of Marxism and feminism
- Kanter, 1977, Men and women of the corporation
- 10.1177/0002764298041007008 · DOI
- 10.1177/1350506805054267 · DOI · Paper page
- Korvajärvi, 2003, Where have all the structures gone? Doing gender in organisations, examples from Finland, Norway and Sweden
- 10.1016/0956-5221(94)90018-3 · DOI
- 10.4135/9781483345291.n14 · DOI
- McCall, 2001, Complex inequality: Gender, class, and race in the new economy
- McIntosh, 1995, Race, class, and gender: An anthology
- Mishel, L., 2003, The state of working America 2002/2003
- Morgen, S., Neo-liberalism on the ground: Practising welfare reform
- Nelson, 1993, Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics
- 10.1017/CBO9780511499340 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF00678095 · DOI
- Perrow, 2002, Organizing America
- Pierce, 1995, Gender trials: Emotional lives in contemporary law firms
- Reskin, 1998, The realities of affirmative action in employment
- 10.1177/000312240306800101 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1525/9780520937376 · DOI
- 10.1525/9780520929302 · DOI
- 10.1023/A:1026781002398 · DOI
- 10.1177/0730888499026004004 · DOI
- 10.1177/000312240306800203 · DOI
- Wacjman, 1998, Managing like a man
- Weber, 2001, Understanding race, class, gender, and sexuality
- Wharton, 2005, The sociology of gender
- Willis, 1977, Learning to labor
Cited by
Choo, H. Y., & Ferree, M. M. (2010) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x · Cited by 1,698
Gender: An Intersectionality Perspective
Shields, S. A. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9501-8 · Cited by 1,509
Social Class Culture Cycles: How Three Gateway Contexts Shape Selves and Fuel Inequality
Stephens, N. M., Markus, H. R., & Phillips, L. T. (2014) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115143 · Cited by 539
Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview
Scheidel, A., Del Bene, D., Liu, J., Navas, G., Mingorría, S., Demaria, F., Avila, S., Roy, B., Ertör, I., Temper, L., et al. (2020) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104 · Cited by 522
Gender, Work Time, and Care Responsibilities Among Faculty 1
Misra, J., Lundquist, J. H., & Templer, A. (2012) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1111/j.1573-7861.2012.01319.x · Cited by 332
Metadata
- Authors
- Acker, J.
- Venue
- Gender & Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 441-464
- ISSN
- 0891-2432 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3977
- OpenAlex
- W2096731204
- Cited by
- 3,401
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 63.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0891243206289499
- The paper
- Acker, J. (2006). Inequality Regimes: Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations. Gender & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243206289499
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.