The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Revision of Drive Theory
Abstract
Several deep revisions of Freud’s theory of the drives are proposed: (1) Drives are conscious and are in fact the source of all consciousness. (2) Drive energy is equated with variational free energy and is therefore quantifiable in principle. (3) There are not two drives but many, seven of which may be described as “emotional” as opposed to “bodily” drives. (4) All drives are self-preservative or preservative of the species; there is no death drive at work in the mind. This means, at the mechanistic level, that all drives are homeostatic and anti-entropic. (5) The great task of mental development is to supplement instinctual predictions about how our multiple drive demands may be met and reconciled with each other. This work is done by learning from experience, mainly through voluntary behavior, which is governed by conscious feelings.
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Cites
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Metadata
- Authors
- Solms, M.
- Corresponding author
- Solms, Mark
- ORCID
- Solms, Mark
- Venue
- Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1033-1091
- ISSN
- 0003-0651 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-2460
- OpenAlex
- W4212764645
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Psychoanalysis and Social Critique
- Keywords
- drive theory, Sigmund Freud, variational free energy, self-preservation, death drive, homeostasis, anti-entropy, instinct, cognitive development, experiential learning, voluntary behavior
- MeSH terms
- Freudian Theory, Humans, Psychoanalytic Theory
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