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Invisibility Syndrome and Racial Identity Development in Psychotherapy and Counseling African American Men
Abstract
Success in counseling African American men is discussed in terms of an invisibility syndrome and the role played by their racial identity development. Invisibility is considered a psychological experience wherein the person feels that his or her personal identity and ability are undermined by racism in a myriad of interpersonal circumstances. A therapy case is used to explain how this experience helps determine Black men’s perspective on cross-racial interpersonal encounters and supports racial identity development as fundamental to their personal identity and as a buffer against racism. Awareness of the dynamic interface between racism, invisibility, and racial identity development can help the counseling process and effectiveness of our interventions with African American men. Discussion of a therapeutic support group is used as an example.
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Citations
Cited by
Racism and Psychological and Emotional Injury: Recognizing and Assessing Race-Based Traumatic Stress
Carter, R. T. (2007) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000006292033 · Cited by 1,316
Racial Microaggressions Against Black Americans: Implications for Counseling
Sue, D. W., Nadal, K. L., Capodilupo, C. M., Lin, A. I., Torino, G. C., & Rivera, D. P. (2008) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00517.x · Cited by 378
Ireland, D. T., Freeman, K. E., Winston-Proctor, C. E., DeLaine, K. D., McDonald Lowe, S., & Woodson, K. M. (2018) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x18759072 · Cited by 284
Perceptions of racial microaggressions among Black supervisees in cross-racial dyads
Constantine, M. G., & Sue, D. W. (2007) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.142 · Cited by 182
Houston, 2001: Context and Legacy
Fouad, N. A., McPherson, R. H., Gerstein, L., Blustein, D. L., Elman, N., Helledy, K. I., & Metz, A. J. (2004) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000003259943 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Franklin, A. J.
- Venue
- The Counseling Psychologist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 761-793
- ISSN
- 0011-0000 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3861
- OpenAlex
- W2156784885
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 15.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Franklin, A. J. (1999). Invisibility Syndrome and Racial Identity Development in Psychotherapy and Counseling African American Men. The Counseling Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000099276002
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
