Racial Microaggressions Against Black Americans: Implications for Counseling
Abstract
Racial microaggression themes were identified using a focus‐group analysis of self‐identified Black participants. Six categories of demeaning and invalidating messages reflected beliefs of White supremacy that were unintentionally conveyed by perpetrators. Implications for counselors and the counseling process are discussed.
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Black students tend to experience racial microaggressions related to their levels of intelligence, assumptions of academic inferiority, and assumptions of criminal status.
“For example, Black students tend to experience racial microaggressions related to their levels of intelligence, assumptions of academic inferiority, and assumptions of criminal status”
From Reframing the impostor phenomenon for Black college students (2024) · cites this paper as Sue et al., 2008
Cites
A Guide to Conducting Consensual Qualitative Research
Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (1997) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000097254001 · Cited by 2,884 · see citing works
Why can't we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust.
Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. E., Kawakami, K., & Hodson, G. (2002) · Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.8.2.88 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
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Daily multidimensional racial discrimination among Black U.S. American adolescents
English, D., Lambert, S. F., Tynes, B. M., Bowleg, L., Zea, M. C., & Howard, L. C. (2020) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101068 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Perry, B. L., Harp, K. L. H., & Oser, C. B. (2013) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1525/sop.2012.56.1.25 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Oppression Within Safe Spaces: Exploring Racial Microaggressions Within Domestic Violence Shelters
Nnawulezi, N. A., & Sullivan, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798413500072 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Black women’s experience of colorist microaggressions
Hall, J. C., & Crutchfield, J. (2018) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2018.1430092 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Teaching social workers about microaggressions to enhance understanding of subtle racism
Fisher, A. K., Moore, D. J., Simmons, C., & Allen, S. C. (2017) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2017.1289877 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Reframing the impostor phenomenon for Black college students
Connaught, G. (2024) · Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice · doi:10.56433/pv5se246 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“For example, Black students tend to experience racial microaggressions related to their levels of intelligence, assumptions of academic inferiority, and assumptions of criminal status (Reiter & Reiter, 2020; Sue et al., 2008; Williams et al., 2020).”
- Authors
- Sue, D. W., Nadal, K. L., Capodilupo, C. M., Lin, A. I., Torino, G. C., & Rivera, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sue, Derald Wing
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling & Development
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 330-338
- ISSN
- 0748-9633 (ISSN-L)
- 1556-6676
- OpenAlex
- W2120219533
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 20.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling & Development (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Keywords
- racial microaggressions, African Americans, white supremacy, counseling implications, racial discrimination, counselor education
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