Digital competences and skills as key factors between connectedness and tolerance to diversity on social networking sites: Case study of social work graduates on Facebook
Abstract
Social networking services are becoming parallel socialization universes. In these digital contexts, people tend to connect with others who share their perspectives and opinions about the world. Emerging voices are warning about the growing homophily resulting from these forms of socialization, which can have a negative impact on tolerance to diversity and the quality of social capital. Relational approach disciplines such as social work can provide digital skills and competences to improve the manner in which these services are used. In this article, the authors analyse how patterns of connectedness among social work graduates affect tolerance to diversity and social capital. A sample of 126 social work graduates was analysed to assess their connectedness patterns on Facebook. Participants were also asked about their digital competences and skills in order to know how these variables can mediate the achievement of tolerance to diversity and social capital. Results show that higher connectedness, when social work graduates have digital skills on Facebook, leads to higher tolerance to diversity and social capital. In order to counteract homophily, social workers must encourage users to acquire digital skills thus increasing tolerance for diversity.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfs038 · Cited by 2,748 · see citing works
Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults
Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.003 · Cited by 1,284 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Given the fact that social reality mirrors the offline reality (Dunbar et al., 2015; Gillani et al., 2018; Subrahmanyam et al., 2008), optimal socialization in digital means might be key for users to feel part of the same community, thus promoting various forms of mutual support and the realization…”
BackgroundA Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612442904 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Uses and gratifications of social media: A comparison of Facebook and instant messaging
Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2010) · Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society · doi:10.1177/0270467610380009 · Cited by 1,205 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Social networking sites are predominantly used to maintain or strengthen offline relations rather than to meet new people (Ellison et al., 2007; Quan-Haase and Young, 2010), which reflects accurately how socialization occurs in the offline reality (Dunbar et al.”
BackgroundSocial network activity and social well-being
Burke, M., Marlow, C., & Lento, T. (2010) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753613 · Cited by 1,109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“At the same time, such a user will passively follow a larger group of weak ties, by reading their news (Burke et al., 2010).”
BackgroundEllison, N. B., Vitak, J., Gray, R., & Lampe, C. (2014) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12078 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12162 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Development and validation of a social media use integration scale.
Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Wright, S. L., & Johnson, B. (2013) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/a0030277 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Me, My Echo Chamber, and I: Introspection on Social Media Polarization
Gillani, N., Yuan, A., Saveski, M., Vosoughi, S., & Roy, D. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web - WWW '18 · doi:10.1145/3178876.3186130 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Digital competence in social work education: readiness for practice
Fjeldheim, S., Kleppe, L. C., Stang, E., & Støren-Váczy, B. (2024) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2024.2334800 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“According to Castillo de Mesa and Jacinto (2022), social work—both as a discipline and a profession—must ‘embrace digital transformation and consider it an opportunity’ and, consequently, ‘social work training programmes must include new methodologies, content and com-petences’ (p. 222).”
Castillo-de-Mesa, J., Méndez-Domínguez, P., Carbonero-Muñoz, D., & Gómez-Jacinto, L. (2021) · Redes. Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales · doi:10.5565/rev/redes.913 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lahat, L., & Nathansohn, R. (2023) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2258892 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Such limited distribution of users might also create an ‘echo chamber’ (Sunstein 2007), cultivating constrained worldviews and less-informed opinions (Castillo de Mesa and Gómez Jacinto 2021, 213), possibly leading to widening inequalities, particularly in multicultural cities (Hatuka and Zur 2020).”
Metaverse Life Story Museum and Reminiscence Group Therapy for Older Adults in Hong Kong
Mo, K. (2024) · Research on social work practice · doi:10.1177/10497315241236967 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Reducing Technological Anxiety Through Intercultural Competence
Shonfeld, M., Ahmad, M. Y. A., Liverant, R. C., & Amichai‐Hamburger, Y. (2025) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-025-09880-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Castillo de Mesa and Jacinto ( 2021 ) reported that higher connectedness on social media platforms, when combined with digital skills, leads to higher tolerance to diversity.”
Kytka, L. (2024) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2024.2383767 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Despite the fact that there seems to be a fairly broad consensus on the necessity of developing DCs in SW (Castillo de Mesa & Gómez Jacinto, 2022; Cooner et al., 2019; Goldkind et al., 2016; Harris, 2021; Heinsch et al., 2023; Markovič et al., 2024; Pink et al., 2022; Rafferty & Steyaert, 2009;…”
Huang, X., Yong, Y., & Wang, J. (2026) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104533 · Cited by 2
Development of the digital competence scale for social service practitioners
Mo, K. Y.-H., Cheung, J., Ho, S. C.-Y., & Ng, E. (2025) · British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcaf233 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anything but Politics: Connectedness in Networked Social Groups for Addressing Prejudice
Bouchillon, B. C. (2025) · Social science computer review · doi:10.1177/08944393251320059 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Connectedness in general has been linked to improving attitudes toward immigrants in past research (Sedl´ar, 2024), while connectedness on Facebook has also related to greater tolerance (de Mesa & Jacinto, 2022).”
Digital technologies as factor of human capital formation in Ukraine
Shyian, D., Sevriukova, Y., & Jevdokimova, M. (2022) · Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK · doi:10.33245/2310-9262-2022-177-2-80-86
- Authors
- Castillo de Mesa, J., & Gómez Jacinto, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Malaga, Spain
- Venue
- Current Sociology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-01-20
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 210-226
- ISSN
- 0011-3921 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7064
- OpenAlex
- W3125963907
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
- Keywords
- digital skills, social capital, connectedness, homophily, social networking sites, Facebook, social work graduates, online socialization, social work education
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review