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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Single-Item Versus Multiple-Item Measurement Scales: An Empirical Comparison

Gardner, Donald G., Cummings, L. L., Dunham, Randall B., Pierce, Jon L.·1998·Educational and Psychological Measurement

Abstract

Common methods variance often is a problem with psychological measures that require respondent self-reports of attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and the like. The present study examined this problem by comparing multiple-item, Likert-type measures of psychological constructs to single-item, non-Likert-type measures of the same constructs. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the alternative forms were compared on criteria of methods variance and construct validity. Neither method appeared to be empirically better than the other. Unusual situations in which well-developed single-item measures might be appropriate are discussed.

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Metadata

Authors
Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., Dunham, R. B., & Pierce, J. L.
Venue
Educational and Psychological Measurement
Published
1998-12
Volume
58
Issue
6
Pages
898-915
ISSN
  • 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-3888
OpenAlex
W2062800517
Cited by
730
References
38
FWCI
2.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Single-Item Versus Multiple-Item Measurement Scales: An Empirical Comparison. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0013164498058006003
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Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., Dunham, R. B., & Pierce, J. L. (1998). Single-Item Versus Multiple-Item Measurement Scales: An Empirical Comparison. Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164498058006003

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.