Global Rating of Change Scales: A Review of Strengths and Weaknesses and Considerations for Design
Open accessAbstract
Most clinicians ask their patients to rate whether their health condition has improved or deteriorated over time and then use this information to guide management decisions. Many studies also use patient-rated change as an outcome measure to determine the efficacy of a particular treatment. Global rating of change (GRC) scales provide a method of obtaining this information in a manner that is quick, flexible, and efficient. As with any outcome measure, however, meaningful interpretation of results can only be undertaken with due consideration of the clinimetric properties, strengths, and weaknesses of the instrument. The purpose of this article is to summarize this information to assist appropriate interpretation of the GRC results and to provide evidence-informed advice to guide design and administration of GRC scales. These considerations are relevant and applicable to the use of GRC scales both in the clinic and in research.
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The PGIC has strong clinical relevance to the individual with good face and test-retest reliability.
“The PGIC has strong clinical relevance to the individual with good face and test-retest reliability [41].”
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- Authors
- Kamper, S. J., Maher, C. G., & Mackay, G.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 163-170
- ISSN
- 1066-9817 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-6186
- PMC
- PMC2762832
- OpenAlex
- W2125405653
- Cited by
- 1,458
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 133 · 2025: 148 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 169 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- global rating of change, outcome measures, clinimetric properties, scale design, patient-reported outcomes, treatment efficacy, manual therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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