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Cited by 382Creativity in Education and NeurosciencePsychological and Educational Research StudiesEducation, Achievement, and Giftedness

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Longitudinal Examination of the Fourth Grade Slump in Creativity

Torrance, E. Paul·1968·Gifted Child Quarterly
DOI 10.1177/001698626801200401
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Abstract

From September 1959 to May 1964 the children enrolled in a university and a public elementary school were tested each year with a battery of tests of creative thinking. Relatively complete data were obtained for 350 children. A random sample of 100 cases was drawn from this pool for further analysis. All raw scores were converted to standard or T-scores based on fifth grade comparison group norms. The results showed that when studied longitudinally, there are statistically significant slumps in fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Although from 45 to 61 percent of the subjects showed significant slumps (losses of five or more standard score points), there were a few who showed significant increases ranging from 11 percent on fluency to 38 percent on elaboration. There is a general recovery trend in the fifth grade but from 16 to 29 percent show decreases of five or more standard score points between the third and fifth grades. Many children end up with lower scores in the fifth grade than they attained in the third grade. The proportion ranges from 21 percent on elaboration to 52 percent on fluency. In general there is the strongest tendency for growth in elaboration and the weakest In fluency.

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Crossref · 10.1177/001698626801200401

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3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Hosford P. M., 1967, “Atlanta Public Schools: Psychological Services, 1966-67”
  2. Torrance E. P., 1965, Rewarding Creative Behavior.

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Metadata

Authors
Torrance, E. P.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
Torrance, E. Paul
Venue
Gifted Child Quarterly
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1968-12
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
195-199
ISSN
  • 0016-9862 (ISSN-L)
  • 1934-9041
DOI
10.1177/001698626801200401
OpenAlex
W2117999054
Cited by
381
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
FWCI
0.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Gifted Child Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Educational Research Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Keywords
creativity, creative thinking, elementary school students, longitudinal change, fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, grade level differences, creativity development

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