The Impact of Training on Human–Autonomy Team Communications and Trust Calibration
Abstract
Objective: This work examines two human–autonomy team (HAT) training approaches that target communication and trust calibration to improve team effectiveness under degraded conditions. Background: Human–autonomy teaming presents challenges to teamwork, some of which may be addressed through training. Factors vital to HAT performance include communication and calibrated trust. Method: Thirty teams of three, including one confederate acting as an autonomous agent, received either entrainment-based coordination training, trust calibration training, or control training before executing a series of missions operating a simulated remotely piloted aircraft. Automation and autonomy failures simulating degraded conditions were injected during missions, and measures of team communication, trust, and task efficiency were collected. Results: Teams receiving coordination training had higher communication anticipation ratios, took photos of targets faster, and overcame more autonomy failures. Although autonomy failures were introduced in all conditions, teams receiving the calibration training reported that their overall trust in the agent was more robust over time. However, they did not perform better than the control condition. Conclusions: Training based on entrainment of communications, wherein introduction of timely information exchange through one team member has lasting effects throughout the team, was positively associated with improvements in HAT communications and performance under degraded conditions. Training that emphasized the shortcomings of the autonomous agent appeared to calibrate expectations and maintain trust. Applications: Team training that includes an autonomous agent that models effective information exchange may positively impact team communication and coordination. Training that emphasizes the limitations of an autonomous agent may help calibrate trust.
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Some studies referred to fictitious automated systems and others to Wizard-of-Oz manipulations.
“Some studies also referred to fctitious automated systems [94] and others to a Wizard-of-Oz manipulations [58].”
From Measuring and Understanding Trust Calibrations for Automated Systems: A Survey of the State-Of-The-Art and Future Directions (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
Most commonly, trust calibration was measured as statistical differences of trustworthiness perceptions between high-reliability and low-reliability groups, examined through analysis of variance.
“Most commonly, the trust calibration was measured as the statistical diferences of trustworthiness perceptions of systems with high reliability and trustworthiness perceptions of systems with low-reliability groups, examined through analysis of variance (see, e.g., [4, 15, 26, 47, 58, 61, 68-70, 82, 84, 89, 90, 107, 117, 130, 140, 145]).”
From Measuring and Understanding Trust Calibrations for Automated Systems: A Survey of the State-Of-The-Art and Future Directions (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
Johnson et al. found one way to ensure a calibrated level of perceived trustworthiness was to include a training phase.
“These results are in line with fndings by Johnson et al. [58] who found that one way to ensure a calibrated level of perceived trustworthiness was to include a training phase.”
From Measuring and Understanding Trust Calibrations for Automated Systems: A Survey of the State-Of-The-Art and Future Directions (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Johnson, C. J., Demir, M., McNeese, N. J., Gorman, J. C., Wolff, A. T., & Cooke, N. J.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Clemson University (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Craig J.
- Venue
- Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-10-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1554-1570
- ISSN
- 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8181
- OpenAlex
- W3202857488
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TigerPrints (Clemson University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research (N000141712382)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- human-autonomy teaming, team training, trust calibration, team communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, team effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Automation, Calibration, Communication, Humans, Task Performance and Analysis, Trust
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