Foundations of anti-immigrant sentiment: The variable nature of perceived group threat across changing European societies, 2002-2006
Abstract
In this article we examine how Europeans perceive the consequences of immigration. We draw upon group threat, conflict and boundary-making theories to differentiate between probable reasons of anti-immigrant sentiment. We hypothesize that perceived threats vary over time and across countries since their nature may shift according to changing economic and other conditions. Using data from three rounds and 24 countries of the European Social Survey, perceived threat is explained by socio-economic characteristics, political orientation and structural conditions. We then focus on more specific threats in economic and cultural terms and how they vary in their effects on negative attitudes toward immigration. Our findings support variable economic and cultural foundations of anti-immigrant sentiment exerting different influence associated with changing economic conditions. Implications of these findings for future policy and research are discussed in the light of the current economic crisis.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross‐National Consumer Research
Steenkamp, J. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. (1998) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209528 · Cited by 4,760 · see citing works
Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position
Blumer, H. (1958) · The Pacific Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/1388607 · Cited by 3,487 · see citing works
Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations
Davies, I., & Blalock, H. M. (1967) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/588680 · Cited by 2,964 · see citing works
The Functions of Social Conflict.
Levy, M. J. J., & Coser, L. A. (1957) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2088776 · Cited by 2,619 · see citing works
The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-0553 · Cited by 2,483 · see citing works
The functions of social conflict
Coser, L. A. (1956) · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World
Castles, S., Miller, M. J., & Ammendola, G. (2005) · American Foreign Policy Interests · doi:10.1080/10803920500434037 · Cited by 2,284 · see citing works
Quillian, L. (1995) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096296 · Cited by 2,238 · see citing works
The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies.
Deane, G., Erikson, R. S., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (1994) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579793 · Cited by 2,156 · see citing works
Bobo, L., & Hutchings, V. L. (1996) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2096302 · Cited by 1,562 · see citing works
The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory
Wimmer, A. (2008) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/522803 · Cited by 1,438 · see citing works
Who Is Against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants
Mayda, A. M. (2006) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.88.3.510 · Cited by 1,430 · see citing works
Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities
Sniderman, P. M., Hagendoorn, L., & Prior, M. (2004) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s000305540400098x · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Educated Preferences: Explaining Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe
Hainmueller, J., & Hiscox, M. (2007) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818307070142 · Cited by 1,164 · see citing works
European Opinion About Immigration: The Role of Identities, Interests and Information
SIDES, J., & CITRIN, J. (2007) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123407000257 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Extreme right‐wing voting in Western Europe
Lubbers, M., Gijsberts, M. I. L., & Scheepers, P. L. H. (2002) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.00015 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies
Evans, G. M., Erikson, R. S., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (1993) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/591712 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
McLaren, L. M. (2003) · Social Forces · doi:10.1353/sof.2003.0038 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
The Rise of Anti-foreigner Sentiment in European Societies, 1988-2000
Semyonov, M., Raijman, R., & Gorodzeisky, A. (2006) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240607100304 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Scheepers, P. L. H. (2002) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/18.1.17 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
How White Attitudes Vary with the Racial Composition of Local Populations: Numbers Count
Taylor, M. C. (1998) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2657265 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Europe: Outgroup Size and Perceived Ethnic Threat
Schneider, S. L. (2007) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcm034 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
The determinants of individual attitudes towards immigration
O’Rourke, K., & Sinnott, R. (2006) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.10.005 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe: A multilevel analysis of survey data from 30 countries
Strabac, Z., & Listhaug, O. (2007) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.02.004 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
The Role of Self-Interest in Social and Political Attitudes
Sears, D. O., & Funk, C. L. (1991) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60327-5 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
One for all: the logic of group conflict
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2435 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Guestworkers in Europe: A Resurrection?
Castles, S. (2006) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00042.x · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach
Meuleman, B., Davidov, E., & Billiet, J. (2008) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.09.006 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Elementary strategies of ethnic boundary making
Wimmer, A. (2008) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870801905612 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
The Configuration of Symbolic Boundaries against Immigrants in Europe
Bail, C. A. (2008) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240807300103 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
van Tubergen, F., Maas, I., & Flap, H. (2004) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240406900505 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
National Context, Religiosity, and Volunteering: Results from 53 Countries
Ruiter, S., & De Graaf, N. D. (2006) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240607100202 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Reactions Toward the New Minorities of Western Europe
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.77 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Semyonov, M., Raijman, R., Yom‐Tov, A., & Schmidt, P. (2004) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2003.11.003 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict
Fukuyama, F., & Hardin, R. (1995) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20047222 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Is Subtle Prejudice Really Prejudice?
Meertens, R. W., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1997) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297786 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Health-related behaviour in context: A multilevel modelling approach
Duncan, C., Jones, K., & Moon, G. (1996) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00181-6 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Foreigners' Impact on European Societies
Semyonov, M., Raijman, R., & Gorodzeisky, A. (2008) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715207088585 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Herder's Heritage and the Boundary-Making Approach: Studying Ethnicity in Immigrant Societies
Wimmer, A. W. (2009) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2009.01347.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Wilkes, R., Guppy, N., & Farris, L. (2008) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00126.x · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980–2004
Hooghe, M., Trappers, A., Meuleman, B., & Reeskens, T. (2008) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Wong, C. J. (2007) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfm023 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Schlueter, E., & Wagner, U. (2008) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020815207088910 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
East is West? National feelings and anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe
Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2008) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.01.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Trends: Immigrants and Immigration
Lapinski, J. S., Peltola, P., Shaw, G. M., & Yang, A. (1997) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297799 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
International Migration Outlook 2008
OECD (2008) · International Migration Outlook · doi:10.1787/migr_outlook-2008-en · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Right-Wing Parties and Anti-foreigner Sentiment in Europe
Wilkes, R., Guppy, N., & Farris, L. (2007) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240707200509 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Interregional Migration and Political Resocialization: A Study of Racial Attitudes Under Pressure
Glaser, J. M., & Gilens, M. (1997) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297787 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Support for Repatriation Policies of Migrants
Coenders, M., Lubbers, M., & Scheepers, P. L. H. (2008) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715208088911 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Labor Force Trends and Immigration in Europe
Feld, S. (2005) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00283.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Diversity and Postmaterialism as Rival Perspectives in Accounting for Social Solidarity
Janmaat, J., & Braun, R. (2009) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715208100969 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
O’Connell, M. (2005) · Patterns of Prejudice · doi:10.1080/00313220500045287 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
On the Relations Between Right-Wing Parties and Anti-foreigner Sentiment
Semyonov, M., Raijman, R., & Gorodzeisky, A. (2007) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240707200510 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ideology and the Affective Structure of Whites' Racial Perceptions
Federico, C. M. (2006) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfl001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants
Esses, V. M. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-080520-102803 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Gorodzeisky, A., & Semyonov, M. (2015) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edv024 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
What determines attitudes to immigration in European countries? An analysis at the regional level
Markaki, Y., & Longhi, S. (2013) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnt015 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mewes, J., & Mau, S. (2013) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715213494395 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Pottie‐Sherman, Y., & Wilkes, R. (2015) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12191 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Kuntz, A., Davidov, E., & Semyonov, M. (2017) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715217690434 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Attitudes towards Muslim Immigrants: Evidence from Survey Experiments across Four Countries
Strabac, Z., Aalberg, T., & Valenta, M. (2013) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2013.831542 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Davidov, E., Meuleman, B., Schwartz, S. H., & Schmidt, P. (2014) · KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · doi:10.1007/s11577-014-0274-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Bohman, A., & Hjerm, M. (2013) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2012.748210 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Heizmann, B., & Huth-Stöckle, N. (2021) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715221993529 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gorodzeisky, A., & Semyonov, M. (2018) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.03.013 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Just sick of it? Health and political trust in Western Europe
Mattila, M., & Rapeli, L. (2017) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12218 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017
Bell, D. A., Valenta, M., & Strabac, Z. (2021) · Comparative Migration Studies · doi:10.1186/s40878-021-00266-w · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Refugee Reception Crisis : Polarized Opinions and Mobilizations
Ambrosini, M., Hootegem, A. V., Bevelander, P., Daphi, P., Diels, E., Fouskas, T., Hellström, A., Hinger, S., Hondeghem, A., Kováts, A., et al. (2019) · Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_1005529 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Creighton, M. J., Jamal, A., & Malancu, N. C. (2014) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12091 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Noordzij, K., de Koster, W., & van der Waal, J. (2021) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12436 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Opposition to Pro‐Immigrant Public Policy: Symbolic Racism and Group Threat
Berg, J. A. (2012) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-682x.2012.00437.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neureiter, M. (2021) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183211063499 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Yazdiha, H. (2018) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2018.1444186 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Neoliberalism and Symbolic Boundaries in Europe
Mijs, J. J. B., Bakhtiari, E., & Lamont, M. (2016) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023116632538 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Thomsen, J. P. F., & Olsen, M. (2016) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123415000496 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bohman, A., & Miklikowska, M. (2020) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430220941592 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Social trust and support for immigrants’ social rights in Spain
Fierro, J., & Rubio, S. P. (2021) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2021.1951688 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Careja, R. (2015) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12174 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Finell, E., Olakivi, A., Liebkind, K., & Lipsanen, J. O. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12082 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Varieties of Public Attitudes toward Immigration: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan
Kage, R., Rosenbluth, F. M., & Tanaka, S. (2021) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912921993552 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kwak, J., & Wallace, M. (2018) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc8030052 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
On the West–East methodological bias in measuring international migration
Gorodzeisky, A., & Leykin, I. (2021) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2021.1873116 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Acceptable in the EU? Why some immigration restrictionists support European Union mobility
Blinder, S. B., & Markaki, Y. (2019) · European Union Politics · doi:10.1177/1465116519839782 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Meuleman, B., Davidov, E., & Billiet, J. (2018) · Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) · doi:10.12758/mda.2017.10 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kevins, A., & Lightman, N. (2019) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/s41295-019-00194-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
How gender shapes attitudes and concerns about immigration
Kobayashi, Y., & Tanaka, S. (2024) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2024.2378023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Left-Wing Xenophobia in Europe
Kopyciok, S., & Silver, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2021.666717 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Re-assessing self-interest theory: Can intergroup contact constrain self-interested reactions?
Thomsen, J. P. F., & Birkmose, A. E. (2015) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715215598351 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Who's Welcome and Who's Not? Opposition towards Immigration in the Nordic Countries, 2002–2014
Bohman, A. (2018) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9477.12120 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Berg, J. A. (2014) · Sociological Focus · doi:10.1080/00380237.2014.916597 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Is Anti-Immigrant Sentiment Owned by the Political Right?
Leykin, I., & Gorodzeisky, A. (2023) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/00380385231161206 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Public Attitudes and the Chinese Migrants in Central‐Eastern Europe
Liu, A. H. (2019) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12638 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Contextualizing Anti-Immigrant Attitudes of East Europeans
Bandelj, N., & Gibson, C. W. (2020) · Review of European Studies · doi:10.5539/res.v12n3p32 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Racialized Capitalism and Anti-Chinese among Indonesian Workers
Rochadi, S. (2021) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/766 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Spatial Approach to the Study of the Electoral Resurgence of the Extreme Right in Southern Spain
Iglesias‐Pascual, R., Benassi, F., & Paloma, V. (2022) · Spatial Demography · doi:10.1007/s40980-022-00105-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Migration and Integration in Turbulent Times
Jakobson, M., King, R., Moroşanu, L., & Vetik, R. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23996-0_1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Racial homophily and exclusion in online dating preferences: a cross-national comparison
Potârcă, G., & Mills, M. C. (2012) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Griffin‐EL, E. W., & Olabisi, J. O. (2022) · Entrepreneurship Research Journal · doi:10.1515/erj-2021-0229 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Leino, M., & Himmelroos, S. (2019) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2019.1665696 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Opposition to Syrian Refugees and Immigrants during the Refugee Crisis in Greece
Kalogeraki, S. (2019) · Journal of modern Greek studies · doi:10.1353/mgs.2019.0021 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Who is set against migrants in Russia? Analyzing certain socio-demographic characteristics
Mastikova, N. S., & Васильевич, Ф. П. (2020) · VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII · doi:10.19181/vis.2020.11.4.681 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Grigoropoulou, N. (2021) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1877763 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anderson, C. D., & Turgeon, M. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003121992 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Attitudes Towards Syrian Refugees During the ‘Refugee Crisis’ in Greece
Kalogeraki, S. (2022) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11574-5_5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Structural Explanation for Anti-immigrant Sentiment: Evidence from Belgium and Spain
Zamora‐Kapoor, A. (2013) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Grigoryev, D. S. (2020) · Journal of the Belarusian State University Sociology · doi:10.33581/2521-6821-2020-3-89-100 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Callens, M.-S., & Meuleman, B. (2023) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/00207152231177622 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Avrupa’da refah devleti ve göç ilişkisi: Refah şovenizmi örneği
Alkan, U. (2015) · Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi · doi:10.1501/sbfder_0000002369 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Vlase, I., & Preoteasa, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies · doi:10.1080/14683857.2017.1360250 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
What is the Best Way to Measure Anti-Immigrant Sentiments?
Stiers, D., & Hooghe, M. (2024) · Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1163/15691330-bja10126 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dutta, N., & Sobel, R. S. (2024) · Journal of Social and Economic Development · doi:10.1007/s40847-023-00283-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Does In-Group Consolidation Polarize Attitudes Toward Immigrants?
Leino, M., & Ylisalo, J. (2021) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0032321721998929 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kushnirovich, N., & Lissitsa, S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14030232 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Atac, I. E., Seguin, C., & Gorman, B. (2025) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/00207152251387940 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chouhy, C., & Piatkowska, S. J. (2026) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spag005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kwak, J., & Wallace, M. (2023) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/00207152231217749 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Careja, R., Andreß, H., & Gießelmann, M. (2020) · KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · doi:10.1007/s11577-020-00697-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Grigoropoulou, N. (2019) · doi:10.12794/metadc1609152 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Changing Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Light of Worsening Economic Conditions in Portugal
Galey, W. M. (2016) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Gir det mening å sammenlikne arbeidsmigrasjon og velferd i Europa og Kina?
Gåsemyr, H. J. (2016) · Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift · doi:10.18261/issn.1504-2936-2016-02-06
Anzera, G., & Massa, A. (2020) · SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE · doi:10.3280/sr2020-123008
Douek, J. (2021) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
A stranger at home? A multilevel analysis of anti-Muslim sentiment in Western European societies
Chedraui, A. M. T., & Wong, P. (2023) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/14687968221149030
Threats, prejudice and opposition to immigration
Gorodzeisky, A., Semyonov, M., Davidov, E., & Schmidt, P. (2023) · Kultur und soziale Praxis · doi:10.14361/9783839466759-010
Парвадов, С. О. (2024) · Zhurnal Sotsiologii i Sotsialnoy Antropologii (The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology) · doi:10.31119/jssa.2024.27.4.6
Macroeconomic antecedents of involuntary psychiatric commitments in Denmark
Singh, P., Griffin, M., Hvidtfeldt, C., & Andersen, L. H. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118133
Social cohesion and attitudes towards foreigners. The case of a Polish county town
Piróg, T., & Masłyk, T. (2025) · Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny · doi:10.4467/25444972smpp.25.028.22993
La Patria Grande? Anti-immigrant attitudes in Latin America
Cerrutti, M., & Parrado, E. A. (2026) · Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos · doi:10.24201/edu.v41.e2418
Cultural solidarity, economic threat: How discrimination influences anti-immigrant attitudes
Atac, I. E., Seguin, C., & Gorman, B. (2026) · Current Sociology · doi:10.1177/00113921261467791
Kentmen-Çin, Ç., & Dikmengil, N. (2026) · Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies · doi:10.1080/15562948.2026.2711777
- Authors
- Pichler, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Pichler, Florian
- ORCID
- Pichler, Florian
- Venue
- International Journal of Comparative Sociology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-11-18
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 445-469
- ISSN
- 0020-7152 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2554
- OpenAlex
- W2007289705
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Comparative Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Keywords
- anti-immigrant sentiment, immigration attitudes, economic threats, cultural threat, conflict theory, socioeconomic characteristics, political orientation, economic crisis, European society
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review