Intergenerational and cross-cultural differences in emotional wellbeing, mental health service utilisation, treatment-seeking preferences and acceptability of psychological treatments for Arab Australians
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the intergenerational and cross-cultural differences in emotional wellbeing and acceptability of psychological treatments for Arab Australians. Aim: To contribute to the emerging data about the mental health status and needs of Arab Australians. Method: An Internet survey examined psychological distress and functional impairment as measured by the Kessler 10 Item scale (K-10) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) among Arab Australians. Additional questions enquired about their help-seeking behaviours, barriers to accessing psychological treatments and preferences for delivery of psychological treatments. A total of 252 participants were recruited through public talks, media and online promotions. Results: Forty-three percent of the respondents reported moderate-to-severe functional impairment ( M = 9.5; standard deviation ( SD ) = 1.8), 32% reported high psychological distress ( M = 28.5; SD = 5.4) and 30% were born overseas. First-generation Arab Australians experiencing high psychological distress (i.e. K-10 ≥ 22), reported a greater preference for Internet-delivered treatment when compared to their second-generation counterparts. Only 18% of the sample reported seeking help from a mental health professional in the past year. The significant barriers reported by respondents with high psychological distress were poor mental health literacy, lack of time and stigma. Respondents preferred face-to-face (90%) over Internet-delivered treatment (55%). Finally, Arab Australians experienced higher psychological distress and underutilised mental health services when compared to the Australian population. Conclusion: Targeted public health campaigns that make culturally relevant interventions such as modifying existing Internet-delivered treatment for Arab Australians may reduce barriers and increase treatment options for this population.
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Barriers to treatment for Arab people include low mental health literacy, lack of time, and shame associated with seeking mental health treatment.
“Barriers to treatment for Arab people appear to be similar to those experienced by people living in Western countries, and include low mental health literacy, lack of time and the shame associated with seeking mental health treatment (Gearing et al., 2012, Kayrouz et al., 2014, Kayrouz et al., 2015a).”
From A pilot study of self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression among Arabs (2016) · cites this paper as Kayrouz et al., 2014
Cites
Interpreting scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
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Slade, T., Johnston, A., Oakley Browne, M. A., Andrews, G., & Whiteford, H. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670902970882 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
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Culturally sensitive social work practice with Arab clients in mental health settings
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Choi, I., Zou, J., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Li, S., Johnston, L., Andrews, G., & Hunt, C. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.003 · Cited by 180 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A significant finding of this study is that more than 60% of respondents who reported high levels of distress indicated they would try Internet-delivered treatment, and, given the promising research regarding other cultural groups (Choi et al., 2012), this points to the potential of using Internetdelivered treatments…”
BackgroundSelf-citationGearing, R. E., Schwalbe, C. S., MacKenzie, M. J., Brewer, K. B., Ibrahim, R. W., Olimat, H. S., Al-Makhamreh, S. S., Mian, I., & Al-Krenawi, A. (2013) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764012452349 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Wootton, B. M., Titov, N., Dear, B. F., Spence, J., & Kemp, A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020548 · Cited by 116 · cited 3× · see citing works
“, 2012) as well as several previous surveys (Lu et al., 2013; Spence et al., 2011; Wootton et al., 2011).”
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Tay, J. L., Tay, Y. F., & Klainin-Yobas, P. (2018) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.007 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Public attitudes toward guided internet-based therapies: web-based survey study
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Harrer, M., Kählke, F., Fritsche, L., Salewski, C., & Ebert, D. D. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10735 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Fritsche, L., Bierhals, C., & Salewski, C. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2017.12.002 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Salamanca-Sanabria, A., Richards, D., & Timulak, L. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.11.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Kayrouz, B., Karin, E., Gandy, M., & Titov, N. (2018) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1445124 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationKayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Sheehan, J., & Titov, N. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.12.001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationKayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Karin, E., Fogliati, V. J., & Titov, N. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.06.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationShala, M., Morina, N., Burchert, S., Cerga-Pashoja, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Maercker, A., & Heim, E. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100339 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tapp, B., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Karin, E., Fogliati, R. J., Newall, C., Mclellan, L., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2018) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12170 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Karin, E., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Terides, M. D., & Titov, N. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.10.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“For example, several small but promising trials have recently demonstrated that Arab people can benefit from iCBT interventions (Kayrouz et al., 2015; Knaevelsrud et al., 2015; Wagner et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Keyrouz, L., Nehme, E., Laube, R., & Titov, N.
- Affiliations
- eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Quest for Excellence, Menai, NSW, Australia
- Transcultural Mental Health Centre, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- Venue
- International Journal of Social Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-10-08
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 484-491
- ISSN
- 0020-7640
- 1741-2854
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 7
- Language
- en
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