How Does Culture Shape Conceptions of Forgiveness? Evidence From Japan and the United States

Joo, Minjoo; Terzino, Kari A.; Cross, Susan E.; Yamaguchi, Naomi; Ohbuchi, Ken-ichi

doi:10.1177/0022022119845502

Cited by 40Forgiveness and Related BehaviorsCultural Differences and ValuesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

How Does Culture Shape Conceptions of Forgiveness? Evidence From Japan and the United States

Joo, Minjoo, Terzino, Kari A., Cross, Susan E., Yamaguchi, Naomi, Ohbuchi, Ken-ichi·2019·Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

DOI 10.1177/0022022119845502

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Abstract

Theories of culture, cognition, and social relations suggest there may be differences in conceptions of forgiveness between the members of East Asian and Western cultures, but few researchers have examined this issue. This article builds on previous research on prototypes of forgiveness in the United States to address the question “What is forgiveness?” in Japan. In Studies 1a and 1b, we investigated Japanese conceptions of forgiveness. Study 2 demonstrated that forgiveness features that U.S. and Japanese participants generated are meaningfully different. Compared with Americans, Japanese participants focused more on aspects related to relationship harmony; they seemed to emphasize an adjustment motive and decisional forgiveness. They also put less emphasis on emotional forgiveness and attention to individuals in comparison with Americans. Our results suggest that the high value placed on relationship maintenance in Japan leads to different understandings of forgiveness. Inclusion of culturally diverse conceptions into the definition of forgiveness aids further understanding of forgiveness, which, in turn, enhances the development and application of existing theories.

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Forgiveness has specific cultural differences.
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Authors: Joo, M., Terzino, K. A., Cross, S. E., Yamaguchi, N., & Ohbuchi, K.-I.
Affiliations: Iowa State University (US)
Root Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
Tohoku Fukushi University (JP)
The Open University of Japan (JP)
Corresponding author: Joo, Minjoo
ORCID: Joo, Minjoo
Cross, Susan E.
Venue: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2019-05-02
Volume: 50
Issue: 5
Pages: 676-702
ISSN: 0022-0221 (ISSN-L)
1552-5422
DOI: 10.1177/0022022119845502
OpenAlex: W2942739184
Cited by: 40
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7
FWCI: 5.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.sagepub.com/licence-information-for-chorus (vor, 366 d)
Locations: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (publishedVersion)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (OISE-0611477)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: forgiveness, cultural differences, Japanese culture, American culture, relationship harmony, relationship maintenance, emotional forgiveness

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How Does Culture Shape Conceptions of Forgiveness? Evidence From Japan and the United States

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