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Morphologic and Demographic Predictors of Third Molar Agenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
We aimed to consolidate all available data on worldwide third molar agenesis frequencies, with a particular emphasis on exploring the factors leading authors to find contradictory results for the demographic and morphologic predictors of this anomaly. A total of 12,376 studies were originally identified, then narrowed down to 1,312 for title/abstract screening. On the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 92 studies, containing 100 effect sizes and 63,314 subjects, for systematic review and metaregression. The worldwide rate of agenesis was found to be 22.63% (95% confidence interval = 20.64% to 24.76%), although the estimates ranged from 5.32% to 56.0%. Our subgroup analyses revealed that women are 14% more likely than men to have agenesis of ≥1 third molars and that maxillary agenesis was 36% more likely than mandibular agenesis in both sexes. Furthermore, we found that having agenesis of 1 or 2 molars was most common, while agenesis of 3 or 4 molars was least common. Finally, we found large differences among agenesis frequency depending on geographic region. This information is expected to be of use not only to clinicians and patients but also to policy makers, given the implications for third molar extraction protocols.
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“as are our teeth [22, 23]”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carter, K., & Worthington, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Worthington, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Dental Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-04-16
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 886-894
- ISSN
- 0022-0345 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-0591
- OpenAlex
- W1994849206
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Dental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › dental development and anomalies
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Radiography and Imaging
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Keywords
- third molar agenesis, tooth agenesis, prevalence, sex differences, maxillary third molar, mandibular third molar, regional variation, third molar extraction
- MeSH terms
- Anodontia, Female, Humans, Male, Mandible, Maxilla, Molar, Third, Sex Factors, Logistic Models, Publication Bias
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