Mathematics Education and Students with Learning Disabilities: Introduction to the Special Series
Abstract
The prevalence of students with mathematics learning disabilities has triggered an interest among special education researchers and practitioners in developing an understanding of the needs of this group of students, and in identifying effective instructional programming to foster their mathematical performance during the school years and into adulthood. Research into the characteristics of students with mathematics learning disabilities is being approached from different perspectives, including developmental, neurological and neuropsychological, and educational. This diversity helps us develop a broader understanding of students' learning needs and difficulties. Special education assessment practices encompass a variety of approaches, including norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, and nonstandardized procedures, depending on the specific assessment questions professionals seek to answer. Students' mathematical knowledge and conceptual understanding must be examined to determine their strengths and weaknesses, curriculum-based progress, and use of cognitive strategies to arrive at mathematical solutions. Research findings have identified empirically validated interventions for teaching mathematics curricula to students with mathematics learning disabilities. Research studies have been grounded in behavioral theory and cognitive psychology, with an emergent interest in the constructivist approach. Although research studies have focused primarily on computational performance, more work is being conducted in the areas of story-problem solving and technology. These areas as well as other math curricular skills require further study. Additionally, the needs of adults with math LD have spurred educators to examine the elementary and secondary math curricula and determine ways to infuse them with life skills instruction accordingly. As the field of mathematics special education continues to evolve, special educators must remain cognizant of the developments in and influences on the field of mathematics education. Reform efforts have shaped the field significantly since the 1950s, contributing to the curriculum offered in mathematics textbooks and the pedagogical practices taught in higher education courses. Mathematics educators continue to search for a better understanding of how children learn mathematics; this process is shaped by the prevailing theoretical orientations and research methodologies. This special series in mathematics special education provides readers with information about the characteristics of students with mathematics learning disabilities, assessment procedures, mathematics programming, teacher preparation, and future directions for the field. The series originated as a result of discussions with Dr. Lee Wiederholt and Dr. Judith K. Voress, who saw a need for the compilation of recent research and best practices in mathematics special education. I thank them for their support of and thoughtful insights about the development of this series. I also appreciate the support of Dr. George Hynd and his editorial assistant, Kathryn Black, in finalizing the details for publication. Finally, I am most appreciative of the authors' contributions to this series; their work continues to significantly influence the development of the field of mathematics special education and programming for students with mathematics learning disabilities.
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Students with math difficulties often show inadequate use of strategies for solving math tasks, caused by problems with the acquisition and application of both cognitive and metacognitive strategies.
“Moreover, they often show inadequate use of strategies for solving math tasks, caused by problems with the acquisition and the application of both cognitive and metacognitive strategies.”
From Mathematics Interventions for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Meta-Analysis (2003) · cites this paper as Rivera, 1997
Students with math difficulties show deficits in generalization and transfer of learned knowledge to new and unknown tasks.
“Because of these problems, they also show deficits in generalization and transfer of learned knowledge to new and unknown tasks.”
From Mathematics Interventions for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Meta-Analysis (2003) · cites this paper as Rivera, 1997
Students with math difficulties generally have memory deficits leading to difficulties in the acquisition and remembering of math knowledge.
“In general, these students have memory deficits leading to difficulties in the acquisition and remembering of math knowledge.”
From Mathematics Interventions for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Meta-Analysis (2003) · cites this paper as Rivera, 1997
About 5% to 10% of students in schools for elementary general education have difficulties with mathematics.
“About 5% to 10% of the students in schools for elementary general education have difficulties with mathematics (Rivera, 1997).”
From Mathematics Interventions for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Meta-Analysis (2003) · cites this paper as Rivera, 1997
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“…underachievement (Parmar, Cawley, & Frazita, 1996; Rivera, 1997; Zentall & Ferkis, 1993), including difficulties with problem conceptualization, basic facts retrieval, speed of processing, and use of effective calculation strategies (e.g., counting on, counting all, counting fingers; Rivera, 1997).”
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Graphic Organizers Applied to Secondary Algebra Instruction for Students with Learning Disorders
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“At the heart of the reform movement has been a shift from predominantly skills-based instruction to an inquiry-based approach that encompasses active student learning rooted in problem-solving situations facilitated by teacher guidance and questioning (Rivera, 1997).”
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“These students may show deficits in retrieval of facts, conceptualisation of problems and use of effective strategies in solving maths tasks (Rivera, 1997).”
BackgroundAddressing Mathematics Computation Problems: A Review of Simple and Moderate Intensity Interventions
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“Mathematics competence has been identified as an essential skill for successful functioning in a variety of life situations, including employment, home and family, community involvement, and interpersonal relationships (Patton, Cronin, Bassett, & Koppel, 1997; Rivera, 1997 ).”
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“In the domain of computation, students may exhibit deficits in fact retrieval, problem conceptualization and use of effective calculation strategies (Rivera, 1997).”
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“…1994; Parmar, Cawley, & Frazita, 1996) who experience difficulties in several aspects of mathematics (see Mastropieri, Scruggs, & Shiah, 1991; Miller, Butler, & Lee, 1998; Rivera, 1997) and who lag considerably behind their normally achieving peers (Parmar et al., 1996; Zentall & Ferkis, 1993).”
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Kraayenoord, C. E. V., & Elkins, J. (2004) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194040370010401 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Others have referred to learner characteristics (Miller & Mercer, 1993) and teacher involvement (Rivera, 1997) as sources of students’ problems.”
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“Researchers in the field of learning disabilities have historically focused their attention on the language characteristics of learning-disabled children and specifically on reading (Rivera, 1997; Lerner, 2000).”
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“A common theme in the literature is the need for instruction and experiences to closely match students’ individual learning needs (Ginsburg 1997; Greaves 2000; Wright et al. 2000; Rivera 1997 ) due to the great diversity of knowledge and backgrounds among and within student subgroups (Shonkoff and Phillips 2000).”
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Developing conceptual place value: Instructional design for intensive intervention
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“Therefore, limitations in numeracy may affect a person’s quality of life into adulthood (Ayres, Lowrey, Douglas, and Sievers 2011; Patton, Cronin, Basset, and Koppel 1997; Rivera 1997).”
BackgroundTHE DIVERSE LEARNING NEEDS OF YOUNG CHILDREN WHO WERE SELECTED FOR AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM
Gervasoni, A. (2005) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Learning disabilities and literacy & numeracy development
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“Researchers have documented specific mathematical deficiencies in the areas of basic computation skills (Geary, 1993), word problems (Miller & Mercer, 1993; Rivera, 1997), the language of maths (Rourke & Conway, 1997) and mathematical reasoning (Montague, 1997)-”
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Computer‐assisted vs. teacher‐directed teaching of numeracy in adults
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“Rivera (1997), in an overview of a series of papers on mathematics education for students with learning disabilities, listed a number of deficiencies that may adversely affect the performance of the learning-disabled student: for example, fact retrieval, problem conceptualisation, speed of…”
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Zihinsel Yetersizliği Bulunan Öğrencilere Etkileşim Ünitesi Yöntemiyle Toplama Becerisinin Öğretimi
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“Okula giden öğrencilerden %5 ile %10’unun ve özel eğitim öğrencilerinin her ikisinden birinin matematik becerilerinde yetersizlik yaşadıkları belirtilmektedir (Fuchs ve Fuchs, 2005; Rivera, 1997).”
Instructional Interventions for Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities
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Ensuring Content-Area Learning by Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities
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“Within this component of the service-delivery system, curriculum-based measures of a student’s strengths and weaknesses, teacher, parent, and student reports, and student products are gathered to obtain an accurate portrait of skills and abilities (Rivera, 1997).”
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- Authors
- Rivera, D. P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rivera, Diane Pedrotty
- Venue
- Journal of Learning Disabilities
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-19
- ISSN
- 0022-2194 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4780
- OpenAlex
- W2120507886
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Learning Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Applied Mathematics › Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Education › Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
- Keywords
- mathematics learning disabilities, special education assessment, mathematics education, intervention program, constructivist teaching, educational technology, life skills education, adult mathematics education, teacher preparation, mathematics curriculum reform, cognitive strategies, computational performance, curriculum-based assessment, special education teacher training, mathematics textbooks, mathematics pedagogy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Education, Special, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Mathematics, Research, United States
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