The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs
Abstract
A critical element in the evolution of a fundamental body of knowledge in marketing, as well as for improved marketing practice, is the development of better measures of the variables with which marketers work. In this article an approach is outlined by which this goal can be achieved and portions of the approach are illustrated in terms of a job satisfaction measure.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In doing so, we followed widely accepted methodological guidelines and frameworks ( Churchill 1979; De Vellis 2003; Hinkin 1998; MacKenzie et al. 2011).”
From Trust in the Sharing Economy (2016) · cites this paper as Churchill 1979
In the citing paper
“thus contributing to the establishment of content validity for the preliminary CBE scale.”
From Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation (2014) · cites this paper as Churchill 1979
In the citing paper
“The Cronbach Alpha for EU was 0.68 and the Cronbach Alpha for FU was 0.73.These reliabilities are seen as weak but acceptable (Churchill, 1979).”
From How personal nostalgia influences giving to charity (2011) · cites this paper as Churchill (1979)
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The critical incident technique.
Flanagan, J. C. (1954) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0061470 · Cited by 8,191
Rogelberg, S. G. (2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952651.n55 · Cited by 5,309
Torgerson, W. S. (1958) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,920
Book Review: The Theory of Buyer Behavior
Bither, S. W., Howard, J. A., & Sheth, J. N. (1971) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1250571 · Cited by 2,805
Focus Groups and the Nature of Qualitative Marketing Research
Calder, B. J. (1977) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3150774 · Cited by 729
The Nature and Scope of Marketing
Hunt, S. D. (1976) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224297604000304 · Cited by 615
Measuring the Job Satisfaction of Industrial Salesmen
Churchill, G. A., Ford, N. M., & Walker, O. C. (1974) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377401100303 · Cited by 615
Self-citationTheory of Psychological Measurement
(1965) · Students Quarterly Journal · doi:10.1049/sqj.1965.0018 · Cited by 382
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- BohrnstedtGeorge W. “Reliability and Validity Assessment in Attitude Measurement,” in SummersGene F., ed., Attitude Measurement. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1970, 80–99.
- BuzzellRobert D. “Is Marketing a Science,” Harvard Business Review, 41 (January–February 1963), 32–48.
- CampbellJohn P. “Psychometric Theory,” in DunetteMarvin D., ed., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally, Inc., 1976, 185–222.
- ConversePaul D. “The Development of a Science in Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, 10 (July 1945), 14–23.
- CzepeilJohn A., RosenbergLarry J., and AkeraleAdebayo. “Perspectives on Consumer Satisfaction,” in CurhanRonald C., ed., 1974 Combined Proceedings. Chicago: American Marketing Association, 1974, 119–23.
- GardnerBurleigh B. “Attitude Research Lacks System to Help It Make Sense,” Marketing News, 11 (May 5, 1978), 1.
- HowardJohn A. and ShethJagdish N. The Theory of Buyer Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969.
- KerlingerFred N. Foundations of Behavioral Research, 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, Inc., 1973.
- LeyPhilip. Quantitative Aspects of Psychological Assessment. London: Gerald Duckworth and Company, Ltd., 1972.
- NunnallyJum C. Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.
- SelltizClaire, WrightsmanLawrence S., and CookStuart W. Research Methods in Social Relations, 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 8,301–8,400 of 16,524
The effect of CRM implementation on pharmaceutical industry’s profitability
Bahri-Ammari, N., & Soliman, K. S. (2016) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-11-2014-0258 · Cited by 20
Dolničar, S., & Grün, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1835-0_7 · Cited by 13
Integrated model for understanding Indian physicians’ internet usage pattern: An empirical approach
Patwardhan, A. A., Pandey, N., & Dhume, S. M. (2016) · International Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.1080/20479700.2016.1270385 · Cited by 15
A greater understanding of social networks privacy requirements: The user perspective
Islam, M. B., Watson, J., Iannella, R., & Geva, S. (2017) · Journal of Information Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2017.01.004 · Cited by 13
Dynamic service capabilities enabling agile services
Raman, A., & Bharadwaj, S. S. (2017) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-01-2016-0015 · Cited by 13
Modelo de maturidade para processos de certificação no sistema agroindustrial do café
Barra, G. M. J., & Ladeira, M. B. (2017) · Revista de Gestão · doi:10.1016/j.rege.2017.03.004 · Cited by 13
Blog influence and political activism: An emerging and integrative model
Sánchez-Villar, J., Bigné, E., & Manzano, J. A. (2017) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1016/j.sjme.2017.02.002 · Cited by 13
Value co-creation in high-involvement services: the animal healthcare sector
Pyatt, A. Z., Wright, G. H., Walley, K. E., & Bleach, E. C. L. (2017) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-11-2016-0209 · Cited by 13
The influence of strategy and concurrent engineering on design for procurement
Arnette, A. N., & Brewer, B. L. (2017) · The International Journal of Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/ijlm-03-2016-0081 · Cited by 13
Conflict perception: a new scale with evidence from Israel and Palestine
Khatib, I., Canetti, D., & Rubin, A. (2018) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-06-2017-0048 · Cited by 13
Ayadi, F., & Affes, H. S. (2014) · Journal of Research in International Business and Management · Cited by 13
Non-coercive influence: Scale development and validation based on resource and relational paradigms
Mishra, M., & Banerjee, M. (2018) · Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management · doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2018.04.001 · Cited by 13
Tontiset, N., & Kaiwinit, S. (2018) · Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing · doi:10.17265/1548-6583/2018.06.001 · Cited by 13
Assessing the performance of short multi-item questionnaires in aesthetic evaluation of websites
Papachristos, E. (2018) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2018.1539521 · Cited by 13
Assessment of Quality of Multimodal Transportation for Containerized Exports
Dua, A., & Sinha, D. (2019) · IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review · doi:10.1177/2277975218810613 · Cited by 15
Destination Service Encounter Modeling and Relationships with Tourist Satisfaction
Zhou, M., Wang, F., & Wang, K. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11040960 · Cited by 13
Students’ satisfaction in higher education: the role of practices, needs and beliefs of teachers
Bassi, F. (2019) · Quality Assurance in Education · doi:10.1108/qae-05-2018-0061 · Cited by 13
Özturk, G. B. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/471/2/022042 · Cited by 14
Follower emotional intelligence
Rajesh, J. I., Prikshat, V., Shum, P., & Suganthi, L. (2019) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-09-2017-0285 · Cited by 23
Denstadli, J. M., & Julsrud, T. E. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11143878 · Cited by 14
Cultural Tourists’ Satisfaction from a Leisure Experience Perspective: An Empirical Study in China
Xu, Y., Zhang, H., Lu, L., & Zha, X. (2019) · Journal of China Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/19388160.2019.1627969 · Cited by 13
Amin, H. (2019) · International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF) · doi:10.18196/ijief.2115 · Cited by 13
Comparing measures of persuasion knowledge adapted for young children
Wang, S., & Mizerski, D. (2019) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21266 · Cited by 13
What is the core essence of small city boutique hotels?
Loureiro, S. M. C., Rita, P., & Sarmento, E. M. (2019) · International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1108/ijcthr-01-2019-0007 · Cited by 13
The Importance of Construct Validity in Consumer Research
Daniel Mochon, B., & Schwartz, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1145 · Cited by 16
E-Government Adoption in Tunisia Extending Technology Acceptance Model
Nasri, W. (2019) · International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age · doi:10.4018/ijpada.2019100103 · Cited by 13
Muncy, J. A., & Iyer, R. (2019) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21304 · Cited by 13
The role of interactive practice in business performance
Feng, C., Xi, N., Zhuang, G., & Hamari, J. (2020) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-01-2020-0042 · Cited by 13
Portes, A., N’Goala, G., & Cases, A.-S. (2020) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/0767370120935734 · Cited by 12
Measurement and Modeling of Alienation in the Distribution Channel
Gaski, J. F., & Ray, N. M. (2001) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/s0019-8501(00)00146-2 · Cited by 13
Marjanova, T. J. (2020) · Balkan Social Science Review · doi:10.46763/bssr20150276ja · Cited by 13
Measuring hospital process service quality: emerging technologies’ challenge
Zhang, M., Wang, L., Wang, R., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-02-2020-0018 · Cited by 13
Suifan, T. S., Saada, R., Alazab, M., et al. (2020) · Cited by 13
Erdem, A. T. (2020) · Journal of Business Research - Turk · doi:10.20491/isarder.2020.1076 · Cited by 13
Scepticism of food labelling versus food advertising: a replication and extension
Ringold, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2021.1900333 · Cited by 13
Too Real for Comfort: Measuring Consumers’ Augmented Reality Information Privacy Concerns
Lammerding, L., Hilken, T., Mahr, D., & Heller, J. (2021) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68086-2_8 · Cited by 14
Business student attitudes toward corporate social responsibility: a Vietnamese study
Do, H. T. K., & Sum, C. C. (2021) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2021.28 · Cited by 14
Verma, S., Yadav, N., & Chikhalkar, R. D. (2021) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2021.2004442 · Cited by 16
Sriram, K., V, & Hungund, S. S. (2021) · International Journal of Innovation Science · doi:10.1108/ijis-03-2021-0059 · Cited by 13
Lao, A. (2013) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) · doi:10.1177/2051570713505479 · Cited by 13
A Comparison of Antecedents and Consequences of Market Mavens and Opinion Leaders
Hoyer, W. D., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2007) · Gabler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-9215-4_11 · Cited by 13
Motivation to Manage in China and Hong Kong: A Gender Comparison of Managers
Ebrahimi, B. P., Young, S. A., & Luk, V. (2001) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1014369817131 · Cited by 13
Messung der Qualität in Dienstleistungscentern – am Beispiel eines Flughafens
Bruhn, M., Batt, V., Hadwich, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11573-009-0348-4 · Cited by 13
Akroush, M. N., ELSamen, A. A. A., Shibly, M. S. A., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Mobile Communications · doi:10.1504/ijmc.2010.035481 · Cited by 13
Brazilian Software SME's Export Propensity: Bridging “Born Global” and Stage Approaches
Boehe, D. M. (2009) · Latin American Business Review · doi:10.1080/10978520903238388 · Cited by 13
Yan, Y., Zha, X., & Yan, M. (2014) · Aslib Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1108/ajim-08-2013-0070 · Cited by 13
Value creation and related measurement in universities. An empirical application
Polese, F., & Monetta, G. (2006) · Total Quality Management & Business Excellence · doi:10.1080/14783360500450905 · Cited by 13
Hou, C.-K., & Papamichail, K. N. (2010) · International Journal of Technology Policy and Management · doi:10.1504/ijtpm.2010.034510 · Cited by 13
Lee, K. S., & Kulviwat, S. (2008) · Multinational Business Review · doi:10.1108/1525383x200800019 · Cited by 16
Wardrobe Consultant Clientele: Identifying and Describing Three Market Segments
Fuller, B. K., & Blackwell, S. C. (1992) · Clothing and Textiles Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0887302x9201000202 · Cited by 13
Wang, C.-H., & Chen, S.-C. (2013) · Journal of Testing and Evaluation · doi:10.1520/jte20120285 · Cited by 13
Matovic, D. (2002) · Cited by 13
Gupta, S., Navare, J., & Melewar, T. C. (2010) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.09.011 · Cited by 14
Rodríguez, T. E., & Bartual-Sopena, L. (2013) · Health Information Management Journal · doi:10.1177/183335831304200103 · Cited by 13
Benslimane, Y., Cysneiros, L. M., & Bahli, B. (2007) · Requirements Engineering · doi:10.1007/s00766-007-0050-4 · Cited by 13
Mitręga, M., RAMOS, C. S. D. M., & Frías, R. (2011) · Cited by 13
Online Product Disposition on the Rise — The Specific Case of Online Resale
Ertz, M., Durif, F., & Arcand, M. (2015) · Marketing Review St Gallen · doi:10.1007/s11621-015-0577-6 · Cited by 13
Stakeholder orientation in public universities: A conceptual discussion and a scale development
Andreu, J. L. I., Casablancas-Segura, C., & Alarcón‐del‐Amo, M. (2016) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1016/j.reimke.2016.01.001 · Cited by 14
Adoption innovativer Telekommunikationsdienste
Krafft, M., & Litfin, T. (2002) · Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1007/bf03372675 · Cited by 13
Talpade, S., & Trilokekar-Talpade, M. (1995) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.1995.11501705 · Cited by 13
Evaluation of factors affecting strategic supply chain network design
Song, G., & Sun, L. (2016) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2016.1267125 · Cited by 13
Miller, M. D., Rainer, R. K., & Harper, J. (1997) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.1997.11647306 · Cited by 13
Contribution des MDD de terroir à la légitimité et aux images RSE et prix des distributeurs
Lacœuilhe, J., Louis, D., & Lombart, C. (2018) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) · doi:10.1177/0767370118759369 · Cited by 12
Medhi, P. K., Jain, P., & Jain, T. (2019) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-09-2018-0202 · Cited by 13
Information Systems Service Quality Measurement: The Evolution of The SERVQUAL Instrument
Whitten, D. (2004) · Journal of international technology and information management · doi:10.58729/1941-6679.1195 · Cited by 13
Propuesta de una metodología: medición de la imagen de marca. Un estudio exploratorio
Salinas, E. M., Gutiérrez, T. M., & Pérez, J. M. P. (2004) · ESIC MARKET Economic and Business Journal · Cited by 13
Purchase involvement methodology and product profiles: the case of cheese products in Greece
Hughes, D., Hutchins, R., & Karathanassi, V. (1998) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/00070709810242145 · Cited by 13
National Differences in Materialism—Using Alternative Research Strategies to Explore the Construct
Sinkovics, R. R., & Holzmüller, H. H. (2001) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1300/j046v13n02_06 · Cited by 13
Seyal, A. H., & Rahman, M. N. A. (2003) · AJIS. Australasian journal of information systems/AJIS. Australian journal of information systems/Australian journal of information systems · doi:10.3127/ajis.v10i2.156 · Cited by 13
The relationship between psychological ownership and IT-driven value
Avital, M., & Vandenbosch, B. (2000) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.5555/359640.359920 · Cited by 12
Stump, R. L., & Joshi, A. W. (1999) · Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing · doi:10.1300/j033v05n03_03 · Cited by 13
Parental Perceptions of Toy-based Programs: An Exploratory Analysis
Muehling, D. D., Carlson, L., & Laczniak, R. N. (1992) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/074391569201100107 · Cited by 13
linioj-maition Systems Service Quality Measurement: The Evolution of The SERVQUAL Instrument
Whitten, D. (2004) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino) · Cited by 13
Massad, V. J., & Reardon, J. (1996) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.1996.11104655 · Cited by 13
Lealdade do consumidor e os seus antecedentes: um estudo aplicado ao setor varejista na internet
Baptista, P. D. P. (2005) · doi:10.11606/t.12.2005.tde-11042008-172316 · Cited by 13
Hassad, R. A. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1007.3219 · Cited by 13
Formative Measurement Models in Covariance Structure Analysis: Specification and IdentificationPreprint
Temme, D., & Hildebrandt, L. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 13
External Dynamic Capabilities: Competitive Advantage in Innovation via External Resource Renewal
Ridder, A.-K. (2013) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2013.10356abstract · Cited by 13
Morale: definitions, dimensions and measurement
Hardy, B. (2010) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.16455 · Cited by 14
Calantone, R. J., Benedetto, C. A. D., & Song, X. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 13
Understanding the role of Expectation Disconfirmation Theory on IT outsourcing success
Schwarz, C. (2011) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.3282 · Cited by 13
Digital banking services, customer experience and financial performance in UK banks
Mbama, C. I. (2018) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00112 · Cited by 15
Brei, V. A. (2001) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 13
Measuring project integration using relational contract theory
Harper, C. M. (2014) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) · Cited by 13
Night tourscape in streets: Scale development and validation
Jiang, G.-X., Li, Y.-Q., Ruan, W.-Q., & Zhang, S.-N. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2024.12.005 · Cited by 12
Frontline hotel employees’ job crafting: Scale development
Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Li, F., Li, Y., & Meng, X. (2025) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104295 · Cited by 15
Nguyen, T. H., & Nguyen, K. M. (2025) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2025.2574470 · Cited by 18
The toll of resisting algorithmic management
Jianu, B., Tussyadiah, I. P., & Miller, G. A. (2025) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-12-2024-1821 · Cited by 17
So, K. K. F., Li, J., & Kim, H. (2025) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2025.2578656 · Cited by 12
EVALUATING THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING STYLE INSTRUMENT
Vieira, V. A. (2011) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · doi:10.21714/1984-6975faces2011v10n3art638 · Cited by 12
The Concept and Measure ofSukha–Dukha: An Indian Perspective on Well-Being
Singh, K. K., Raina, M., & Sahni, P. (2016) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2016.1231604 · Cited by 12
Engaging Omni-channel Consumers During Purchase Decisions
Lu, J. (2017) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries) · Cited by 12
Citizens’ Online Surveillance Concerns in Croatia
Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2018) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v16i3.6907 · Cited by 12
Li, P., Wu, C., & Spence, C. J. (2020) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0040517520909359 · Cited by 13
Bardakçı, S., & Gürbüz, R. B. (2020) · Journal of Business Research - Turk · doi:10.20491/isarder.2020.937 · Cited by 12
Recreational Fishers' Motivations at Wetland Destinations: The Push and Pull Theory Approach
Çifçi, İ., Atsız, O., Kahraman, O. C., & Dinçer, F. İ. (2021) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2021.2016520 · Cited by 12
Stergiou, D. P., Καραγιώργος, Θ., Alexandris, K., Benetatos, T., & Balaska, P. (2022) · Event Management · doi:10.3727/152599522x16419948390772 · Cited by 12
Song, M., Wang, L., Wang, L., & Chen, W. (2022) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-05-2021-0256 · Cited by 12
Sarkar, J. G., Sarkar, A., & Sreejesh, S. (2022) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-10-2021-0798 · Cited by 12
How songs from growing up and viewers' attachment styles affect video ads' effectiveness
Lourenco, C. J., Isabella, G., Verbeke, W., Vo, K. D., Dimoka, A., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2022) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21725 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Churchill, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Churchill, Gilbert A.
- Venue
- Journal of Marketing Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1979-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-73
- ISSN
- 0022-2437 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-7193
- OpenAlex
- W1991623719
- Semantic Scholar
- d636f05c5febe7b9f879d444d16e14d599401eeb
- Cited by
- 16,549
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 538 · 2025: 581 · 2024: 628 · 2023: 668 · 2022: 737 · 2021: 755 · 2020: 702 · 2019: 774 · 2018: 716 · 2017: 706 · 2016: 743 · 2015: 783 · 2014: 809 · 2013: 806 · 2012: 759
- FWCI
- 10.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Marketing Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Keywords
- measurement, construct measurement, marketing theory, marketing practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review