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Cited by 300

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Beyond Stafford and Warr's Reconceptualization of Deterrence: Personal and Vicarious Experiences, Impulsivity, and Offending Behavior

Piquero, Alex R., Pogarsky, Greg·2002·Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
DOI 10.1177/002242780203900202
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Abstract

Recently, Stafford and Warr identified four categories of experiences hypothesized to underlie judgments about the risk of legal sanctions: personal punishment experience, personal punishment avoidance, vicarious punishment experience, and vicarious punishment avoidance. Using original data to test the Stafford and Warr model, five key findings emerge. First, both personal and vicarious avoidance experiences relate positively to offending. Second, punishment and avoidance experiences affect behavior by influencing sanction risk perceptions. Third, the combination of low personal and vicarious punishment avoidance strongly dissuades offending. Fourth, prior offending conditions the influence of punishment and avoidance experiences in a manner consistent with Stafford and Warr. Fifth, while impulsive individuals are influenced primarily by their own experiences, individuals who are not as impulsive tend to attend more to the experiences of others. Finally, punishment experiences appear to encourage rather than discourage future offending. We discuss how the self-serving bias and the gambler's fallacy help explain this latter, anomalous result.

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Metadata

Authors
Piquero, A. R., & Pogarsky, G.
Venue
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2002-05
Volume
39
Issue
2
Pages
153-186
ISSN
  • 0022-4278 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-731X
DOI
10.1177/002242780203900202
OpenAlex
W2111373757
Cited by
300
References
59
FWCI
44.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Beyond Stafford and Warr's Reconceptualization of Deterrence: Personal and Vicarious Experiences, Impulsivity, and Offending Behavior. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/002242780203900202
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Piquero, A. R., & Pogarsky, G. (2002). Beyond Stafford and Warr's Reconceptualization of Deterrence: Personal and Vicarious Experiences, Impulsivity, and Offending Behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/002242780203900202

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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.